Geochemical characteristics of macif and intermediate volcanic rocks from the Hasandağ and Erciyes volcanoes (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

Orta Anadolu’da iki önemli stratovolkan olan Hasandağ ve Erciyes stratovolkanları kalk-alkalen ve alkalen karakterli volkanizmalar olmasına rağmen, kalk-alkalen aktivite daha yaygındır. Hasandağ volkanik kompleksi jeokimyasal farklılıklarıyla Keçikalesi toleyitik, Hasandağ kalk-alkalen, Hasandağ alkalen volkanizması olmak üzere üç evrede gelişimini gerçekleşmiştir. Erciyes volkanik kompleksinin jeokimyasal gelişimi Koçdağ alkalen, Koçdağ kalk-alkalen, Erciyes kalk-alkalen volkanizması olmak üzere üç evredir. Volkanizmalara ait nadir toprak element (REE) içeriklerinde tüm ürünlerde, hafif nadir toprak elementler (LREE) ağır nadir toprak elementlere (HREE) göre göreceli bir zenginleşme göstermektedir. N-MORB’a göre normalize edilmiş çoklu element diyagramlarında tüm volkanik ürünlerde geniş iyonlu litofil (LIL) elementler ve hafif nadir toprak elementlerde (LREE) belirgin zenginleşme, Ta, Nb, Ti, Hf gibi kalıcılığı yüksek elementlerde (HFS) ise göreceli bir tüketilme görülmekle birlikte HFSE/LILE fraksiyonasyonunun etkileri kalk-alakali kayalarda daha yüksek ve toleyitik, alkali bileşimli kayalarda daha az oranlardadır. Tüm kayaç iz element içerikleri kullanılarak yapılan teorik kristalizasyon modellemeleri ile elde edilen eğilim, Hasandağ toleyitik ve kalk-alkalen kayaçlarda amfibol, plajiyoklas; alkalen kayaçlarda plajiyoklas, piroksen, amfibol; Erciyes alkalen ve kalk-alkalen kayaçlarda ise plajiyoklas, piroksen ve amfibolun baskın olduğu fraksiyonel kristalizasyon ile açıklanabilir. AFC modellemelerine göre Erciyes volkanında kıta kirlemesinin etkisi Hasandağ’a göre daha azdır. Modal olmayan yığın ergime modeliyle hesaplanan ergime dereceleri Keçikalesi toleyitik kayaçlarında yaklaşık %8–9, Hasandağ alkalen kayaçlarında %4–5, Koçdağ alkalen kayaçlarında ise %3–8 arasındadır. Teorik ergime modelleri Orta Anadolu volkanik kayaçları için granat ve spinel-lerzolit bileşimli manto kaynaklarından türeyen değişen miktarlarda magma karışımını önerirken, Hasandağ alkalen kayaçlarında ergime sürecinde artık granat etkisi daha baskındır. Metasomatize olmuş litosferik mantodan türediği düşünülen Orta Anadolu volkanizması, termal sınır düzeyinin (TSD) deleminasyonu ile oluşan geniş çaplı termal düzensizlik sonucu kıta altı litosferik mantonun ergimesiyle açıklanabilir. Bölgedeki volkanizmanın doğrultu atımlı tektonizmanın bulunduğu kuşaklar boyunca görülmesi bu sistemin magma yükselimine olası katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.

Hasandağ ve Erciyes Volkanlarının mafik ve ortaç volkanik kayaçlarının jeokimyasal (Orta Anadolu, Türkiye)

Hasandağ and Erciyes stratovolcanoes, which are the two important stratovolcanoes in Central Anatolia, erupted volcanic products with both calc-alkaline and alkaline compositions, although the calc-alkaline activity is more widespread. There are three stages of geochemical evolution in the history of the Hasandağ stratovolcanic complex: (1) Keçikalesi tholeiitic volcanism, (2) Hasandağ calc-alkaline volcanism, and (3) Hasandağ alkaline volcanism. The geochemical evolution of Erciyes volcanic complex also exhibits three distinct evolutionary stages: (1) Koçdağ alkaline volcanism, (2) Koçdağ calc-alkaline volcanism and (3) Erciyes calcalkaline volcanism. The volcanic rocks from both suites show enrichments in LREE relative to HREE. The rocks as a whole show enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) in N-MORB normalized multielement diagrams, although the thoeliitic and alkaline rocks have less pronounced effects of HFSE/LILE fractionation comparing to the calc-alkaline rocks. Theoretical fractionation models obtained using the whole-rock trace element data indicate two distinct fractionation trends for the Hasandağ volcanism: amphibole and plagioclase fractionation for the tholeiitic and calc-alkaline rocks and plagioclase, pyroxene and amphibole fractionation for the alkaline rocks. The alkaline and calc-alkaline rocks of Erciyes volcanism, on the other hand, indicate similar fractionation trends that can be explained by plagioclase and amphibole fractionation. AFC modelling indicate that the effect of crustal contamination on parental melt compositions is less pronounced in the Erciyes volcanic rocks compared to the Hasandağ volcanic rocks. Theoretical melting trends obtained using the non-modal batch melting model indicate degree of melting between 8–9% for the Keçikalesi tholeiitic rocks, 4–5% for the Hasandağ alkaline rocks and 3–8% for the Koçdağ alkaline rocks. The modeling also shows that the Central Anatolian volcanic rocks were originated by variable degree melting of a mantle source with garnet+spinel lherzolite composition, although the effect of residual garnet in the source is more pronounced for the Hasandağ alkaline rocks. Geochemical modeling indicates that Central Anatolian volcanic rocks are likely to have originated by partial melting of a metasomatised lithospheric mantle. Delamination of TBL (termal boundary layer) may be considered as a potential mechanism that may cause thermal perturbation melting of continental lithospheric mantle. The distribution of volcanic centres along the regionscale strike-slip fault systems may also indicate additional effects of strike-slip faulting on melt production and eruption.

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