Gamze GOGER, Ümmühan TÜRKYOLU, Ezgi Nur GÜRŞEN, Süleyman YUR, Abdullah Burak KARADUMAN, Fatih GÖGER, Mehmet TEKİN, Gülmira ÖZEK

Phytochemical characterisation of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal and screening for anticholinesterase, antiamylase, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties

Öz In the present work, essential oil and fatty acids and extracts obtained from aerial parts of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. were investigated for chemical composition and biological activities. The phytochemical analyses were conducted with gas chromatographymass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID) and liquid chromatography-mass spectromtetry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. The extracts and essential oil were studied for α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase activities with two different spectrophotometric methods. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were investigated by microdilution. The extracts were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxic effects against cancer and normal cell lines by MTT assay. The essential oil (EO) contained α-pinene (12.5%) and β-caryophyllene (10.7%) as main compounds. Palmitic (26.5%) and nonadecanoic acids (26.6%) were determined as fatty acids. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts found phenolic acids, phlinosides, verbascoside, and flavonoids. The extracts and essential oil demonstrated poor α-amylase inhibitory activity. The best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was obtained for diethly ether extract of P. linearis (67.2 ± 3.4%) at 10 mg /mL concentration. Ethyl acetate extract found to be effective against Staphlococcus aureus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 156.26 μg/mL. Diethyl ether extract of P. linearis was active on A549 cell lines with an IC50 = 316 ± 4.16 μg/mL when compared with cisplatin IC50 = 24.43 ± 0.14 μg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first comprehensive report on anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-α-amylase, and antimicrobial activities, as well as cytotoxic effects of P. linearis.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Phlomis linearis, essential oil, extract, liquid chromatography-mass spectromtetry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID), activity

PDF

___

Abdeislam NM, 2013, LIFE SCI J, V10 .

Ablajan K, 2006, J MASS SPECTROM, V41, P352, DOI 10.1002/jms.995

Aghakhani F, 2018, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V29, P180, DOI 10.1002/pca.2733

Ahmed MF, 2010, INT J ENDOCRINOL, V2010, DOI 10.1155/2010/841090

Alpay M, 2019, AN ACAD BRAS CIENC, V91, DOI 10.1590/0001-3765201920180404

Altun ML, 2013, IND CROP PROD, V43, P87, DOI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.017

Babushok VI, 2011, J PHYS CHEM REF DATA, V40, DOI 10.1063/1.3653552

Basaran AA, 1991, HACETTEPE U ECZACILI, V11, P81

Basta A, 2006, FLAVOUR FRAG J, V21, P795, DOI 10.1002/ffj.1717

Brophy JJ, 2004, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V32, P867, DOI 10.1016/j.bse.2004.05.001

Calis I, 2004, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V65, P2619, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.038

CALIS I, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P3073, DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98255-4

CALIS I, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P1253

Clifford MN, 2005, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V53, P3821, DOI 10.1021/jf050046h

Clifford MN, 2003, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V51, P2900, DOI 10.1021/jf026187q

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2008, 27A3 CLSI, V3

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2006, M7A7 CLSI, V7th

Couladis M, 2000, PLANTA MED, V66, P670, DOI 10.1055/s-2000-8631

da Silva JKR, 2014, IND CROP PROD, V58, P55, DOI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.04.006

Demirci B, 2003, Z NATURFORSCH C, V58, P826

EDQM, 2005, EUROPEAN PHARMACOPEA, V1, P217

El Mokni R, 2019, BIOMED CHROMATOGR, V33, DOI 10.1002/bmc.4603

ELLMAN GL, 1961, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V7, P88, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9

Ferreres F, 2011, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V25, P700, DOI 10.1002/rcm.4910

Formisano C, 2006, FLAVOUR FRAG J, V21, P848, DOI 10.1002/ffj.1740

Gandhiraja N, 2009, ETHNOBOTANICAL LEAFL, V2009, P8

Goger F, 2019, J TURKISH CHEM SOC A, V6, P281

Goger F, 2015, BANGL J PHARMACOL, V10, P639, DOI 10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23500

Goger G, 2018, IND CROP PROD, V120, P279, DOI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.024

Greenwell M, 2015, INT J PHARM SCI RES, V6, P4103, DOI 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(10).4103-12

Guimaraes R, 2013, FOOD CHEM, V141, P3721, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.071

Iscan G, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P3943, DOI 10.1021/jf011476k

Jabeen B, 2013, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V96, P443, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.09.015

Joshi RK, 2011, SCI WORLD, V9, P63, DOI DOI 10.3126/SW.V9I9.5521

Justesen U, 2000, J CHROMATOGR A, V902, P369, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00861-X

Kalaivani R, 2012, J BIOL ACTIVE PRODUC, V2, P30

Karadag AE, 2020, J ESSENT OIL RES, V32, P242, DOI 10.1080/10412905.2020.1743786

Kim JS, 2000, BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH, V64, P2458, DOI 10.1271/bbb.64.2458

Kirmizibekmez H, 2005, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V16, P1, DOI 10.1002/pca.802

Liolios C, 2007, MOLECULES, V12, P772, DOI 10.3390/12040772

Lu SH, 2019, S AFR J BOT, V125, P521, DOI 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.028

Marin PD, 2007, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V35, P462, DOI 10.1016/j.bse.2007.01.001

Mirza M, 2003, FLAVOUR FRAG J, V18, P131, DOI 10.1002/ffj.1156

Mitreski I, 2014, NAT PROD COMMUN, V9, P175

Morteza-Semnani K, 2004, FLAVOUR FRAG J, V19, P29, DOI 10.1002/ffj.1268

Musa MA, 2010, ANTICANCER RES, V30, P4613

Nair S.S., 2013, EUR J EXP BIOL, V3, P128

Nazemiyeh H, 2008, J NAT MED-TOKYO, V62, P91, DOI 10.1007/s11418-007-0194-z

Nouri L, 2014, IND CROP PROD, V62, P47, DOI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.08.015

Nowakowska Z, 2007, EUR J MED CHEM, V42, P125, DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.09.019

Orhan I, 2007, Z NATURFORSCH C, V62, P829

Osmaniye D, 2018, MOLECULES, V23 .

Ozek G, 2019, REC NAT PROD, V13, P333, DOI 10.25135/rnp.109.18.09.875

Ozek G, 2018, OPEN CHEM, V16, P453, DOI 10.1515/chem-2018-0051

Ozkay UD, 2016, BIOORG MED CHEM LETT, V26, P5387, DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.041

Perry NSL, 2000, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V52, P895, DOI 10.1211/0022357001774598

Preethi R, 2010, ADV BIOL RES, V4, P122 .

Rahimzadeh M, 2014, IRAN J BASIC MED SCI, V17, P466

Rasouli H, 2017, FOOD FUNCT, V8, P1942, DOI [10.1039/C7FO00220C, 10.1039/c7fo00220c]

Ristic MD, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P267, DOI 10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<267::AID-PTR644>3.0.CO;2-7

Roby MHH, 2013, IND CROP PROD, V44, P437, DOI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.012

Ruiz A, 2015, FOOD CHEM, V167, P84, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.052

Saglik BN, 2016, EUR J MED CHEM, V124, P1026, DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.042

Sarikurkcu C, 2016, FOOD SCI BIOTECHNOL, V25, P687, DOI 10.1007/s10068-016-0120-9

Sarkhail P., 2017, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, V7, P180

Sen A, 2019, ACTA CHIM SLOV, V66, P831, DOI 10.17344/acsi.2018.4921

Soltani-Nasab Farnaz, 2014, Acta Med Iran, V52, P333

Sreelatha S, 2011, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V49, P1270, DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.006

Suzgec-Selcuk S, 2017, J ESSENT OIL BEAR PL, V20, P646, DOI 10.1080/0972060X.2017.1331142

Sylvestre M, 2006, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V103, P99, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.011

Tadera K, 2006, J NUTR SCI VITAMINOL, V52, P149, DOI 10.3177/jnsv.52.149

Tian GH, 2008, FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT, V5 .

Tuzlaci E., 2016, TURKIYE BITKILERI GE .

Wickramaratne MN, 2016, BMC COMPLEM ALTERN M, V16, DOI 10.1186/s12906-016-1452-y

Xiang CP, 2017, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V65, P3702, DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01350

Yur S, 2018, INT J FOOD PROP, V20, pS2359, DOI 10.1080/10942912.2017.1370600

Zafari-Shayan S, 2016, J HERBMED PHARM, V5, P153