Eminur ELÇİ, Yaşar AKIŞCAN, Batuhan AKGÖL

Genetic diversity of Turkish commercial cotton varieties revealed by molecular markers and fber quality traits

To assess the genetic diversity and relationships among commercial Gossypium species released in Turkey between 1964 and2014, 96 cotton varieties were analyzed using morphological and molecular markers. Morphological analysis was performed basedon 4 fber quality traits including fber length, strength, fneness, and uniformity, and the mean values of each trait for each genotypewere calculated using 2-year data. Te results showed that most of the genotypes have long fber length, very high fber strength, coarse(45 genotypes) or average (50 genotypes) fber fneness, and high uniformity. Twenty-six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and14 markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fber quality traits produced a total of 103 alleles, with an average of 2.57 allelesper locus ranging from 80 bp to 300 bp products, with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.233. MarkersDPL513 and DPL431 (among 26 SSR markers) and markers CIR246 and BNL4108 (among 14 molecular markers) were found to bevery informative, with 0.724, 0.663, 0.749, and 0.583 PIC values, respectively. Te combined morphological and molecular data analysisresulted in more than 8 clades using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Te upland cotton varietieswere distinctly separated from the lowland cotton variety Maydos Yerlisi (Gossypium herbaceum L.). Within the upland cotton varieties,the Egyptian cotton variety Giza 70 (G. barbadense L.) was distinctly separated from commercial cotton varieties of Turkey ( G. hirsutumL.), as revealed by both morphological and molecular dendrograms. Principal component analysis (PCA) derived from combined datawas in agreement with UPGMA analysis. It is concluded that commercial Turkish cotton varieties have a good genetic diversity withhigh fber quality, considering the upland cotton s narrow genetic structure. Tese results can provide a useful guide for selecting specifcgermplasm with distinct genetic backgrounds in cotton breeding programs.

PDF

___

Ali MA, Khan IA, Awan SI, Ali S, Niaz S (2008). Genetics of fber quality traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Australian J Crop Sci 2: 1017.
Akışcan Y (2012). Determination of genetic improvement on fber quality traits in some cotton cultivars released between 1980 and 2009 in Turkey. SDU Ziraat Fak Derg 7: 3240 (article in Turkish with an abstract in English).
Anderson JA, Churchill GA, Autrique JE (1993). Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps. Genome 36: 181186.
Bardak A, Bölek Y (2012). Genetic diversity of diploid and tetraploid cottons determined by SSR and ISSR markers. Turk J Field Crops 17: 139144.
Beasley JO (1942). Meiotic chromosome behaviour in species, species hybrids, haploids and induced polyploids of Gossypium . Genetics 27: 2554.
Bertini CHCD, Schuster I, Sediyama T, Barros G, Moreira MA (2006). Characterization and genetic diversity analysis of cotton cultivars using microsatellites. Genet Mol Biol. 29: 321329.
Bradow JM, Davidonis GH (2000). Quantitation of fber quality and the cotton production - processing interface. J Cotton Sci 4: 3464.
Chee PW, Campbell T (2009). Bridging classical and molecular genetics of cotton fber quality and development. In: Paterson AH editor. Genetics and Genomics of Cotton, Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. Vol. 3. New York, NY, USA: Springer Science-Business Media, pp. 283311.
Chen ZJ, Schefer BE, Dennis E, Triplett BA, Zhang TZ, Guo WZ, Chen XY, Stelly DM, Rabinowicz PD, Town CD et al. (2007). Toward sequencing cotton (Gossypium ) genomes. Plant Physiol 145: 13031310.
Cotton Marker Database: CMD. Website: http://www.cottonmarker. org [accessed 22 May 2014].
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull 19: 1115.
Endrizzi JE, Turcotte EL, Kohel RJ (1984). Qualitative genetics, cytology, and cytogenetics. In: Koheland RJ, Lewis CF, editors. Cotton, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 81129.
Erkılınç A, Karaca M (2005). Assessment of genetic variation in some cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in Turkey using microsatellite. Akdeniz Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg 18: 201206.
Franco J, Crossa J, Villasenor J, Taba S, Eberhart SA (1997). Classifying Mexican maize accessions using hierarchical and density search methods. Crop Sci 37: 972980.
Fryxell PA, Craven LA, Stewart JMD (1992). A revision of Gossypium sect. grandicalyx (Malvaceae ), including the description of six new species. Syst Bot 17: 91114.
Gower JC (1971). A general coefcient of similarity and some of its properties. Biometrics 27: 857874.
Jaccard P (1908). Nouvelles recherches sur la distribution lorale. Bulletin de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles 44: 223 270 (in French).
Kumar P, Gupta VK, Misra AK, Modi DR, Pandey BK (2009). Potential of molecular markers in plant biotechnology. Plant Omics J 2: 141162.
Lacape JM, Llewellyn D, Jacobs J, Arioli T, Becker D, Calhoun S, Al- Ghazi Y, Liu S, Palai O, Georges S et al. (2010). Meta-analysis of cotton fber quality QTLs across diverse environments in a Gossypium hirsutum x G. barbadense RIL population. BMC Plant Biol 10: 132156.
Lusas EW, Jividen GM (1987). Glandless cottonseed: a review of the west 25 years of processing and utilization research. J Am Oil Chem Soc 64: 839854.
Mishra KK, Fougat RS, Ballani A (2013). Validation of fber quality linked SSR markers derived from allotetraploid (Gossypium hirsutum ) in diploid (Gossypium arboreum). Int J Sci R Know 1: 349357.
Mondini L, Noorani A, Pagnotta MA (2009). Assessing plant genetic diversity by molecular tools. Diversity 1: 1935.
Paterson AH, Boman RK, Brown SM, Chee PW, Gannaway JR, Gingle AR, May OL, Smith CW (2004). Reducing the genetic vulnerability of cotton. Crop Sci 44: 19001901.
Pei Z, Gao J, Chen Q, Wei J, Li Z, Luo F, Shi L, Ding B, Sun S (2010). Genetic diversity of elite sweet sorghum genotypes assessed by SSR markers. Biol Plantarum 54: 653658.
Percival AE, Wendel JF, Stewart JM (1999). Taxonomy and germplasm resources. In: Smith CW, Cothren JT, editors. Cotton: Origin, History, Technology, and Production. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc., pp. 3363.
SAS Institute Inc. (2012). JMP 10 Discovering JMP. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.
Shen X, Cao Z, Singh R, Lubbers EL, Xu P, Smith CW, Paterson AH, Chee PW (2011). Efcacy of qFL-chr1, a quantitative trait locus for fber length on cotton (Gossypium spp.). Crop Sci 51: 20052010.
Silva RA, Barroso PAV, Hofmann LV, Giband M, Coutinho WM (2014). A SSR marker linked to the B12 gene that confers resistance to race 18 of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum in cotton is also associated with other bacterial blight resistance gene complexes. Australas Plant Path 43: 8991.
Surgun Y, Çöl B, Bürün B (2012). Genetic diversity and identifcation of some Turkish cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by RAPD-PCR analysis. Turk J Biol 36: 143150.
Tohumluk Tescil ve Sertifkasyon Merkez Müdürlüğü: TTSM. Web- site: http:// www.ttsm.gov.tr/TR/belge/1-248/tescilli-cesitler- listesi-registered-varieties.html [accessed 22 May 2014].
Tyagi P, Gore MA, Bowman DT, Campbell BT, Udall JA, Kuraparthy V (2014). Genetic diversity and population structure in the US Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Teor Appl Genet 127: 283-295.
Uster Technologies (2010). Website: http://www.uster.com/fl- eadmin/customer/Knowledge/Textile_Know_How/Yarn_ testing/U_LabSystems_Description_of_al_quality.pdf [ac- cessed 22 May 2014].
Wang B, Guo W, Zhu X, Wu Y, Huang N, Zhang T (2007). QTL mapping of yield and yield components for elite hybrid derived-RILs in Upland cotton. J Genet Genomics 34: 3545.
Wendel JF, Brubaker CL, Percival AE (1992). Genetic diversity in Gossypium hirsutum and the origin of Upland cotton. Am J Bot 79: 12911310.
Wendel JF, Crohn RC (2003). Polyploidy and the evolutionary history of cotton. Adv Agron 78: 139186.
Yu JZ, Fang DD, Kohel RJ, Ulloa M, Hinze LL, Percy RG, Zhang J, Chee P, Schefﬂer BE, Jones DC (2012). Development of a core set of SSR markers for the characterization of Gossypium germplasm. Euphytica 187: 203213.
Zhang ZS, Rong J, Waghmare VN, Chee PW, May OL, Wright RJ, Gannaway JR, Paterson AH (2011). QTL alleles for improved fber quality from a wild Hawaiian cotton, Gossypium tomentosum . Teor Appl Genet 123: 10751088.