Plant growth promoting properties of phosphate solubilizing Bacillus species isolated from the Aegean Region of Turkey
Bacillus species, due to their soil amendment properties, are
important members of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In
this study, with the aim to discover potential biofertilizers, 440 Bacillus
isolates from different sources were screened qualitatively for
phosphate solubilizing and positive isolates were processed for
quantitative estimation of solubilized phosphate and organic acid
production. Organic acid production was initially detected by pH change
of the media, whereas further confirmation and quantitative estimation
were done by gas chromatography (GC). The results indicate that
phosphate solubilization ranges from 6.9 ± 1.00 to 95.5 ± 1.83 µg mL−1 for Bacillus
isolates and most of the isolates were able to produce more than one
organic acid in substantial quantities range between 70.70 ± 1.90 and
619.20 ± 1.40 (ng µL−1).
Correlations among total organic acid concentration, final pH of the
media, and soluble phosphate were statistically calculated. The six best
phosphate-solubilizing isolates were further tested for indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA) production, molecular identification, in vitro seed
germination, and pot trials. All six strains produced IAA, significantly
enhanced radicle and hypocotyl development, and considerably increased
plant growth by improving growth of roots and stems. On the basis of
results, these Bacillus strains can be considered as potential biofertilizers.
___
- Asghar HN, Zahir ZA, Arshad M, Khaliq A (2002). Relationship
between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and
their growth promoting activities in
Brassica juncea
L. Biol Fert
Soils 35: 231-237.
- Banik S, Dey BK (1982). Available phosphate content of an alluvial
soil is influenced by inoculation of some isolated phosphate
solubilizing-microorganisms. Plant Soil
69: 353-364.
- Behera BC, Singdevsachan SK, Mishra RR, Dutta SK, Thatoi
HN (2014). Diversity, mechanism and biotechnology of
phosphate solubilising microorganism in mangrove - A review.
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 3: 97-110.
- Bhattacharyya PN, Jha DK (2012). Plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture. World J
Microb Biot 28: 1327-1350.
- Cabra Cendales T, Rodríguez González CA, Villota Cuásquer CP,
Tapasco Alzate OA, Hernández Rodríguez A (2017).
Bacillus
effect on the germination and growth of tomato seedlings
(
Solanum lycopersicum
L). Acta Biolơgica Colombiana 22: 37-
44.
- Chauhan H, Bagyaraj DJ, Selvakumar G, Sundaram SP (2015). Novel
plant growth promoting rhizobacteria-Prospects and potential.
Appl Soil Ecol 95: 38-53.
- Chen YP, Rekha PD, Arun AB, Shen FT, Lai WA, Young CC (2006).
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their
tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Appl Soil Ecol 34:
33-41.
- Datta C, Basu PS (2000). lndole acetic acid production by a
Rhizobium
species from root nodules of a leguminous shrub
Cajanus cojan
. Microbiol Res 155: 123-127.
- Delvasto P, Valverde A, Ballester A, Munoz JA, Gonzales F, Blazquez
ML, Igual JM, Garcia-Balboa C (2008). Diversity and activity
of phosphate bioleaching bacteria from a high-phosphorus
iron ore. Hydrometallurgy 92: 124-129.
- Erturk Y, Ercisli S, Cakmakci R (2012). Yield and growth response
of strawberry to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
inoculation. J Plant Nutr 35: 817-826.
- Hayat R, Ali S, Amara U, Khalid R, Ahmed I (2010). Soil beneficial
bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: a review.
Ann Microbiol 60: 579-598.
- Illmer P, Schinner F (1992). Solubilization of inorganic phosphates
by microorganisms isolated from forest soils. Soil Biol Biochem
24: 389-95.
- Islam S, Akanda AM, Prova A, Islam MT, Hossain MM (2016).
Isolation and identification of plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect
on plant growth promotion and disease suppression. Front
Microbiol
6: 1360. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01360.
- Kaymak HC (2010). Potential of PGPR in agricultural innovations. In:
Maheshwari DK, editor. Plant Growth and Health Promoting
Bacteria, Microbiology Monographs, Vol. 18. Berlin, Germany:
Springer, pp. 45-79.
- Khan MS, Zaidi A, Ahmad E (2014). Mechanism of phosphate
solubilization and physiological functions of phosphate-
solubilizing microorganisms. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat
J, editors. Phosphate Solubilising Microorganisms: Principles
and Application of Microphos Technology. Cham, Switzerland:
Springer International Publishing, pp. 31-62.
- Kumar A, Prakash A, Johri BN (2011).
Bacillus
as PGPR in crop
ecosystem. In: Maheshwari DK, editor. Bacteria in Agrobiology:
Crop Ecosystems. Berlin, Germany: Springer, pp. 37-59.
- Lamsal K, Kim SW, Kim YS, Lee YS (2012). Application of
rhizobacteria for plant growth promotion effect and biocontrol
of anthracnose caused by
Colletotrichum
acutatum
on pepper.
Mycobiology 40: 244-251.
- Lane DJ (1991). 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In: Stackebrandt E,
Goodfellow M, editors. Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial
Systematic. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 115-
175.
- Liaqat F, Eltem R (2016). Identification and characterization of
endophytic bacteria isolated from in vitro cultures of peach
and pear rootstocks. 3 Biotech 6: 120-127.
- Maitra N, Bandopadhyay C, Samanta S, Sarkar K, Sharma AP, Manna
KS (2015).
Isolation, identification and efficacy of inorganic
phosphate solubilizing bacteria from oxbow lakes of West
Bengal, India. Geomicrobiol J 32: 751-758.
- Malboobi MA, Owlia P, Behbahani M, Sarokhani E, Moradi S,
Yakhchali B, Deljou A, Heravi KM (2009). Solubilization of
organic and inorganic phosphates by three highly efficient soil
bacterial isolates. World J Microb Biot 25: 1471-1477.
- Mehta P, Walia A, Kulshrestha S, Chauhan A, Shirkot CK (2015).
Efficiency of plant growth-promoting P-solubilizing
Bacillus
circulans
CB7 for enhancement of tomato growth under net
house conditions. J Basic Microb
55: 33-44.
- Mena-Violante HG, Olalde-Portugal V (2007). Alteration of tomato
fruit quality by root inoculation with plant growth- promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR):
Bacillus subtilis
BEB-13bs. Sci Hortic-
Amsterdam 113: 103-106.
- Mohite B (2013). Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid
(IAA) producing bacteria from rhizospheric soil and its effect
on plant growth. J Soil Sci Plant Nut 13: 638-649.
- Murphy J, Riley JP (1962). A modified single solution method for
the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal Chim
Acta 27: 31-36.
- Nautiyal CS (1999). An efficient microbiological growth medium
for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS
Microbiol Lett 170: 265-270.
- Ng LC, Sariah M, Sariam O, Radziah O, Zainal Abidin MA (2012).
Rice seed bacterization for promoting germination and
seedling growth under aerobic cultivation system. Aust J Crop
Sci 6: 170-175.
- Orhan E, Esikten A, Ercisli S, Turan M, Sahin F (2006). Effects of
plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield growth
and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry. Sci
Hortic-Amsterdam 111: 38-43.
- Oufdou K, Bechtaoui N, El Alaoui A, Benidire L, Daoui K, Göttfert
M (2016). Symbiotic rhizobacteria for improving of the
agronomic effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers. Procedia
Engineering 138: 325-331.
- Park JH, Bolan N, Megharaj M, Naidu R (2011). Isolation of
phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their potential for lead
immobilization in soil. J Hazard Mater 185: 829-836.
- Podile AR, Dube HC (1988). Plant growth-promoting activity of
Bacillus subtilis
AF1. Curr Sci India 57: 183-186.
- Prabakaran, G, Balaraman K, Hoti SL, Manonmani, AM (2007).
A cost-effective medium for the large-scale production of
Bacillus
sphaericus
H5a5b (VCRC B42) for mosquito control.
Biol Control 41: 379-383.
- Rashid M, Khalil S, Ayub N, Alam S, Latif F (2004). Organic acids
production and phosphate solubilization by phosphate
solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) under in vitro conditions.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7: 187-196.
- Rodr
íguez H, Fraga R (1999). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and
their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol Adv 17: 319-
339.
- Sarkar A, Islam T, Biswas GC, Alam S, Hossain M,
Talukder NM
(2012). Screening for phosphate solubilizing bacteria inhabiting
the rhizoplane of rice grown in acidic soil in Bangladesh. Acta
Microbiol Imm H 59: 199-213.
- Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA (2013). Phosphate
solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing
phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. SpringerPlus 2:
587. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-587.
- Teymouri M, Akhtari J, Karkhane M, Marzban A (2016). Assessment
of phosphate solubilization activity of Rhizobacteria in
mangrove forest. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
5: 168-172.
- Vassilev N, Mendes G, Costa M, Vassileva M (2014). Biotechnological
tools for enhancing microbial solubilization of insoluble
inorganic phosphates. Geomicrobiol J 31: 751-763.
- Vazquez P, Holguin G, Puente ME, Lopez-Cortes A, Bashan Y (2000).
Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with the
rhizosphere of mangroves in a semiarid coastal lagoon. Biol
Fert Soils 30: 460-468.
- Whitelaw MA (1999). Growth promotion of plants inoculated with
phosphate-solubilizing fungi. Adv Agron 69: 99-151.
- Zahid M, Abbasi MK, Hameed S, Rahim N (2015). Isolation
and identification of indigenous plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria from Himalayan region of Kashmir and their
effect on improving growth and nutrient contents of maize
(
Zea mays
L.). Front Microbiol 6: 207.
- Zaidi A, Khan MS, Ahemad M, Oves M, Wani PA (2009). Recent
advances in plant growth promotion by phosphate-solubilizing
microbes. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat J, editors. Microbial
Strategies for Crop Improvement. 1st ed. Berlin, Germany:
Springer, pp. 23-50.
- Zaidi A, Khan MS, Ahmad E, Saif S, Rizvi A, Shahid M (2016).
Growth stimulation and management of diseases of ornamental
plants using phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: current
perspective. Acta Physiol Plant 38: 117.