Russula shanglaensis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota: Russulales), a new species from the mixed coniferous forests in District Shangla, Pakistan

A new species in the genus Russula from the mixed coniferous forest of District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic data derived from DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), along with morphological characterizations, indicate the species is novel.Russula shanglaensis sp. nov. is distinct from other known species in subsect. Virescentinae. It is characterized by the convex to slightly depressed grayish pilei that often reflect rusty brown to light purplish spots, with very lightly striated to tuberculate striated margins. The occurrence of subglobose to ellipsoidal basidiospores (6.5-8 × 6-7 µm) with irregular incomplete reticulation is another distinguishing feature of the species. The species description includes photographs and line drawings illustrating key morphological features and a discussion comparing this species to morphologically and phylogenetically related species.

___

  • Ahmad S, Iqbal SH, Khalid AN (1997). Fungi of Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: Sultan Ahmad Mycological Society of Pakistan.
  • Bi ZS, Zheng GY, Li TH (1993).The Macrofungus Flora of China’s Guangdong Province. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
  • Buyck B, Zoller S, Hofstetter V (2018). Walking the thin line ten years later: the dilemma of above- versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89: 267-292.
  • Buyck B, Adamčik S (2011). Type studies in Russula subgenus Heterophyllidia from the Eastern United States. Cryptogamie Mycologie 32 (2): 151-169.
  • Buyck B, Hofstetter V, Eberhardt U, Verbeken A, Kauff F (2008). Walking the thin line between Russula and Lactarius: the dilemma of Russula subsect. Ochricompactae. Fungal Diversity 28: 15-40.
  • Buyck B (2010). Provisional key to subsection Virescentinae in the U.S. [online]. Russulales News. [accessed 23.10.2013].
  • Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, Hardy GESTJ, Gené J et al. (2018). Fungal planet description sheets: 716-784. Persoonia 40: 318-319.
  • Das K, Ghosh A, Chakraborty D, Li J, Qiu L et al. (2017). Fungal biodiversity profiles 31-40. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 38 (3): 353-406.
  • Das K, Dowie NJ, Li GJ, Miller SL (2014). Two new species of Russula (Russulales) from India. Mycosphere 5 (5): 612-622. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/5/5/2
  • Drummond AJ, Rambaut A (2007). BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 (1): 214.
  • Duttaa K, Palois, Pradhan P, Acharya K (2015). A new species of Russula (Russulaceae) from India based on morphological and molecular (ITS sequence) data. Turkish Journal of Botany 39: 850-856.
  • Eberhardt U (2002). Molecular kinship analyses of the agaricoid Russulaceae: correspondence with mycorrhizal anatomy and sporocarp features in the genus Russula. Mycological Progress 1 (2): 201-223.
  • Edgar R (2004). MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792-1797.
  • Gardes M, Bruns TD (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes application to the identification of mycorrhizae rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113-118.
  • Jabeen S, Razaq A, Niazi AR, Ahmad A, Grebenc T et al. (2017). Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan. Phytotaxa 321 (3): 241-253.
  • Kropp BR (2016). Russulaceae in American Samoa: new species and further support for an Australasian origin for Samoan ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia, 108 (2): 405-413.
  • Li GJ, Zhao Q, Zhao D, Yue SF, Li SF et al. (2013). Russula atroaeruginea and R. sichuanensis spp. nov. from southwest China. Mycotaxon 124 (16): 173-188.
  • Li GJ, Zhao D, Li SF, Wen HA (2015). Russula chiui and R. pseudopectinatoides two new species from southwestern China supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Mycological Progress 14 (6): 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s11557-015- 1054-y
  • Looney BP, Ryberg M, Hampe F, Sánchez-García M, Matheny PB (2016). Into and out of the tropics: global diversification patterns in a hyperdiverse clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Molecular Ecology. 25: 630-647.
  • Loizides M, Kyriakou T, Tziakouris A (2011). Edible and Toxic Fungi of Cyprus (in Greek with an English introduction). Mouffolon Bookshop. ISBN 978-9963-7380-0-7
  • Maddison DR, Maddison WP (2005). MacClade 4, 4.07 ed. Sunderland, MA, USA: Sinauer.
  • Manassila M, Sooksa-Nguan T, Boonkerd N, Rodtong S, Teaumroong N (2005). Phylogenetic diversity of wild edible Russula from Northeastern Thailand on the basis of internal transcribed spacer sequence. Science Asia 31: 323-328.
  • Miller SL, Buyck B (2002). Molecular phylogeny of the genus Russula in Europe with a comparison of modern infrageneric classifications. Mycol Res 106 (3): 259-276.
  • Munsell Color Co. (1975). Munsell Soil Color Charts. Baltimore, MD, USA: Munsell Color Co.
  • Palmer JM, Lindner DL, Volk TJ (2008). Ectomycorrhizal characterization of an American chestnut (Castanea dentata)- dominated community in Western Wisconsin. Mycorrhiza 19 (1) 27-36.
  • Pickles BJ, Genney DR, Anderson IC, Alexander IJ (2012). Spatial analysis of ectomycorrhizal fungi reveals that root tip communities are structured by competitive interactions. Mol. Ecol. 21 (20) 5110-5123.
  • Song Y, Li J, Buyck B, Zheng J, Qiu L (2018). Russula verrucospora sp. nov. and R. xanthovirens sp. nov., two novel species of Russula (Russulaceae) from Southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 39 (1): 129-142.
  • Stamatakis A (2006). RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22(21): 2688-2690.
  • Thiers HD (1997). The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California. 9. Russulaceae I. Eureka, CA, USA: Mad River Press.
  • Ullah S, Wilson AW, Tulloss RE, Fiaz M, Mueller GM et al. (2019c). Amanita cinis and A. olivovaginata (Basidiomycota, Amanitaceae), two new species, and the first record of A. emodotrygon, from Northwestern Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Botany 43. doi: 10.3906/bot-1903-21
  • Ullah S, Vizzini A, Fiaz M, Rehman HU, Sher H et al. (2019a). Strobilomyces longistipitatus (Boletaceae) newly recorded from Hindukush and Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan. Nova Hedwigia 108: 243-254.
  • Ullah S, Abbasi M, Aime MC, Ishaq A, Fiaz M et al. (2019b). Allodus prostii comb. nov., causal agent of tulip rust. Nova Hedwigia 108 (3-4). doi: 10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2019/0534
  • White TJ, Bruns TD, Taylor LJ (1990). Amplification direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelf DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (editors). PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods Applications. New York, USA: Academic Press, pp. 315-322.
  • Zhao Q, Li YK, Zhux T, Zhao YC, Liangj F (2015). Russula nigrovirens sp. nov. (Russulaceae) from Southwestern China. Phytotaxa 236 (3): 249-256.
  • Zhang JB, Li JW, Li F, Qiu LH (2017). Russula dinghuensis sp. nov. and R. subpallidirosea sp. nov., two new species from Southern China supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Cryptogam Mycol 38 (2): 1-13.