Ali İNAL, Mehmet ALPASLAN, Köksal DEMİR, Aydın GÜNEŞ

Nitrat versus chloride effects in a soil-plant system on the growth, nitrate accumulation and N, K, Na, Ca and Cl content of carrot Daucus carota L.

Kontrollü koşullarda yetiştirilen havuç Daucus carota L. bitkisinin gelişimi, nitrat birikimi ve mineral bileşimine değişik $NO_3 /Cl$ oranlarının etkisinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada iki Cl kaynağı (KCl ve $CaCl_2$ ) ile yüzde olarak 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 ve 60/40 oranlarında olmak üzere beş $NO_3 /Cl$ oranı denenmiştir. Sadece nitrat içeren 100/0 uygulamasında N konsantrasyonu 400 mg $NO_3/kg$ toprak olarak uygulanmıştır. Diğer uygulamalarda oran içerisinde artan Cl uygulamasına bağlı olarak orandaki nitrat miktarı azaltılmıştır. Bu uygulamalar 100/0 uygulamasına göre Havuç bitkisinin yaprak ve yumru yaş ve kuru ağırlığını, ve yumrunun boy ve çapını önemli oranda artırmıştır. Bitkinin gelişimi 80/20 $NO_3 /Cl$ uygulamasına kadar artmış bu uygulamadan sonra görülen azalmalar önemsiz olmuştur. Klor uygulaması bitkinin N içeriğini etkilememesine rağmen nitrat içeriğini azaltmıştır. Klor kaynaklarıbitkinin K ve Cl kapsamını artırmıştır. Bitkinin Na alımı KCI uygulamasında azalmıştır. Uygulamalar bitkinin Ca kapsamında da belirgin bir etki yaratmıştır. Nitrat ile birlikte Cl uygulamasının havuç gelişimi vekalitesini artırarak azotlu gübre ekonomisi sağlayabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Değişik $NO_3/Cl$ oranlarının havuç Daucus carota L. bitkisinde gelişim, nitrat birikimi ve N, K, Ca ve Cl içeriğine etkisi

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effets of various $NO_3 /Cl$percentages on growth, nitrate accumulation and mineral absorption in carrot Daucus carota L plants in a controlled enviroment The experiment included two Cl sources (KCl and $CaCl_2$) and five N03/Cl percentages at 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 with total-N concentration of 400 mg N03/kg soil in 100/0 treatment. The fresh and dry weights of shoots and storage roots, and the length and diameter of storage roots increased significantly more with mixed $NO_3 /Cl$ treatments and Cl sources than with single N03 (100/0) treatment. Growth was enhanced up to the 80/20 $NO_3 /Cl$ treatments. With Cl present in the treatments, the concentration of total-N unchanged and N03 decreased, and Cl and K increased both of the Cl sources. In KCI treatments, Na absorption decreased Calcium content significantly differed among the treatments. It was concluded that nitrogen fertilization provided with combined Cl forms and $NO_3 /Cl$ percentages can enhance the quality of carrots and at the same time derease the N fertilizer input rate.

PDF

___

1. De Wit, C.T. Dijkshorn, W. Noggle, J.C., Ionic balance and growth of plants. Verslagen van landbouwkundige onderoekingen, Wageningen, 68 pages, 1963.
2. Kirkby, E.A. Knight, A.H., The influence of the level of nitrate nutrition on ion uptake and assimilation, organic acid accumulation and cation-anion balance in whole tomato plants. Plant Physiol. 60: 349-353, 1977.
3. Wehrman, J., Hahndel, R, Relationship between N and CI nutrition and NO3 content of vegetables. Proceedings VI International Colloquium for the Optimization of Plant Nutrition. 2: 679-685. Montpellier, France, 1984.
4. Muraka, I.P., Jackson, T.L., Moore, D.P., Effects of N, K and CI on N components of russet burbank potatoes. Agron. J. 65: 868, 1973.
5. Fixen, P.E., Buchenau, G.W., Gelderman, R.H., Schumacher, T.E., Gerwing, J.R., Cholick, F.A., Farber, B.G., Influence of soil and applied chloride on several wheat parameters. Agron. J. 78: 736-740, 1986 b.
6. Lamb, J. A., Windels, C.E., Severson, R.K., Chloride fertilization on spring wheat. pages 42-43. in: A report on field research in soils. Agricultural Experiment Station, Univ. of Minnesota, Misc. Publ. 2 (revised), 1986.
7. Mohr, R.: The effect of chloride fertilization on growth and yield of barley and wheat. M. Sc. thesis, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, 1992.
8. Bergman, W., Nutritional disorders of plants; development, visual and analytical diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Stuttgart, New York, pp. 740, 1992.
9. Roorda van Eysigna, J.P.N.L., Nitrate and glasshouse vegetables. Fertilizer Research 5: 149-156, 1984.
10. Bloom-Zandstra, G., Lampe, J.E.M., The effect of chloride and sulphate salts on the nitrate content in plants Lactuca sativa L. J. Plant Nutr. 6: 611-628, 1983.
11. Hahndel, R., Wehrman, J., Einflus der CI-ernahrung auf ertragund nitratgehalt von spinat und kopfsalat. Zeitschrift für pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde 149: 290-302, 1986.
12. Stienstra, A.W., Does the nitrate play a role in osmoregulation. pp. 481-484. in: H. Lambers, J.J. Neetson, I. Stulen (eds) Fundamental Ecological and Agricultural Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants. Martinus Nijhoff, The Netherlands, 1986.
13. Van der Boon, J., Steenhuizen, J.W., Steingrower, E.G., Growth and nitrate concentration of lettuce as affected by total nitrogen and chloride concentration, NO3 /NH4 ratio and temperature of recirculating nutrient solution. Hort. Science 65 (3): 309-321, 1990.
14. Lou, J., Lion, Z., Yan, X, Urea transformation and the adaptability of three leafy vegetables to urea as a source of nitrogen in hydroponic culture. J. Plant Nutr. 16(5): 797-812, 1993.
15. Corre, W..I. Breimer, T., Nitrate and nitrite in vegetables. Pudoc. Wageningen, The Netherlends, 1979.
16. Wright, M.G., Davidson, K.L. Nitrate accumulation in crops and nitrate poisoning of animals Adv. Agron. 16: 197- 247, 1964.
17. Craddock, W.M., Nitrosamines and human cancer: proof of an association? Nature (London) 306: 638, 1983.
18. Cataldo, D.A., Haroon, M., Schrader, L.E., Youngs, V.L., Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salycylic acid. Com. Soil Sci. and Plant Anal., 6 (1): 71-80, 1975.
19. Bremner, J.M., Total nitrogen, pp. 1141-1178. in: C.A. Black(ed) Methods of soil analysis, part 2, Agronomy No. 9. American Society of Agronomy, Madison WI, 1965.
20. Johnson, J.M., Ulrich, A., Analytical methods for use in plant analysis II California Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 766, 1959.
21. Güneş, E., Post, W.H.K., Kirkby, E.A., Aktaş, M., Influence of partial replacement of nitrate by amino acid nitrogen or urea in the nutrient medium on nitrate accmulation in NFT grown winter lettuce. J. Plant Nutr. 17 (11): 1929- 1938, 1994.
22. Foehse, D., Jungk, A., Influence of phosphate and nitrate supply on root hair formation of rape, spinach and tomato plants. PHlant and Soil 74: 359-368, 1983.
23. Barber, S.A., Soil nutrient bioavailability - a mechanistic approach. Academic Press, New York, 1984.
24. Brouwer, R., Functional equilbrium: sense or nonsense. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 31: 335-348, 1983.
25. İnal, A., Güneş A., Aktaş, M., Effects of chloride and partial substitution of reduced form of nitrogen for nitrate in nutrient solution on the nitrate, total nitrogen and chloride contents of onion. J. Plant Nutr. 18(10): 2219-2227, 1995.
26. Maynard, D.N., Barker, A.V., Minotti, P.N., Peck, N.H., Nitrate accumulation in vegetables. Adv. in Agron. 28: 71- 118, 1976.
27. Barker, A.V., Maynard, D.N., Nutritional factors affecting nitrate accumulation in spinach. Comm Soil Sci. and Plant Anal. 2 (6): 417-478, 1971.
28. Findenegg, G.R. Nelemans, J.A., Arnozis, P.A., Effect of externel pH and CI on the accumulation of NH4 -ions in the leaves of sugar beet. J. Plant Nutr. 12: 593-601, 1989.
29. Siegel, S.M., Siegel, B.Z., Massey, J., Lahne, P., Chen J., Growth of corn in saline waters. Physiol. Plant. 50: 71- 73, 1980.