Zeliha LEBLEBİCİ, Fatih DUMAN, Ahmet AKSOY

Inluence of salinity on the growth and heavy metal accumulation capacity of Spirodela polyrrhiza (Lemnaceae)

Serbest yüzen bitkilerin karakteristik metal alabilme özelliği sulak alanların temizlenmesi üzerine pozitif etkili olabilir ki buda bitkiler tarafından metallerin alınımında etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesinde önemlidir. Kısa süreli bu çalışma ile, Spirodela polyrrhiza’da tuzluluğun büyümeye, fotosentetik pigment içeriğine (Kloroil a,b, ve karetoneid) ve ağır metal alınımı üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Yüksek tuzluluk düzeyinde (100 ve 200 mM NaCl) bitkideki doğrusal büyüme oranının (RGR) azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Özellikle, 100 mM NaCl düzeyinde, RGR değerlerinin negatife gittiği not edilmiştir. Fotosentetik pigment içeriği tuz düzeyi ile negatif ilişkilidir. Bununla birlikte S. polyrrhiza’da yüksek tuz düzeyinin, kadmiyum ve nikel birikiminin azalmasına neden olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Spirodela polyrrhiza’da (Lemnaceae) tuzluluğun büyümeye ve ağır metal birikim kapasitesine etkisi

Given that the characteristic of free loating plants to uptake metals can have a positive efect on the eiciency of the remediation process of a wetland, it is important to investigate the factors that may impact the process of uptake of metals by the plants. By conducting this present study over a short duration of time, the efects of salinity on the growth, the content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid), and heavy metal uptake by Spirodela polyrrhiza were investigated. It was also observed that at a high level of salinity (100 and 200 mM NaCl) the relative growth rate (RGR) of the plant decreased. Especially, at a salinity level of 100 mM NaCl, the RGR values were noted to become negative. he content of photosynthetic pigment was negatively correlated with the salt level. Additionally, a high level of salinity was observed to cause a decrease in the accumulation of the metals cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) by S. polyrrhiza.

PDF

___

1. Agastian P, Kingsley SJ, Vivekanandan M. Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics in mulberry genotypes. Photosynthetica 38: 287-290, 2000.
2. Hassan SH, Talat M, Rai S. Sorption of cadmium and zinc from aqueous solutions by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Bioresource Technol 98: 918-928, 2007.
3. Drost W, Matzke M, Backhaus M. Heavy metal toxicity to Lemna minor: studies on the time dependence of growth inhibition and the recovery after exposure. Chemosphere 67: 36-43, 2007.
4. Duman F, Leblebici Z, Aksoy A. Bioaccumulation of nickel, copper, and cadmium by Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna gibba. J Fresh Ecol 24: 177-179, 2009.
5. Dunbabin JS, Bowmer KH. Potential use of constructed wetlands for treatment of industrial waste water containing metals. Sci Total Environ 111: 151-168, 1992.
6. Cardwell A, Hawker D, Greenway M. Metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from southeast Queensland Australia. Chemosphere 48: 653-663, 2002.
7. Pettersson TJR. The effects of variations of water quality on the partitioning of heavy metals in a stormwater pond. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Sydney, Australia, 30 August-3 September, 4: 1943-1946 1999.
8. Parida KA, Das BA. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: review. Ecotox Envıron Safe 60: 324-349, 2005.
9. Greger M, Kautsky L, Sandberg TA. Tentative model of Cd uptake in Potamogeton pectinatus in relation to salinity. Environ Exp Bot 35: 215-225, 1995.
10. Noraho N, Gaur JP. Effect of cations, including heavy metals, on cadmium uptake by Lemna polyrhiza L. Biometals 8: 95-98, 1995.
11. Munda IM, Hudnik V. The effects of Zn, Mn, and Co accumulation on growth and chemical composition of Fucus vesiculosus L. under different temperature and salinity conditions. Marine Ecol 9: 213-225, 1988.
12. Demirezen Yılmaz D. Effects of salinity on growth and nickel accumulation capacity of Lemna gibba (Lemnaceae). J Hazard Mater 147: 74-77, 2007.
13. Smart RM, Barko JW. Laboratory culture of submerged freshwater macrophytes on natural sediments. Aquat Bot 21: 251-263, 1995.
14. Hunt R. Plant growth analysis. Studies in biology, Edward Arnold Ltd, London, pp 67, 1978.
15. APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, New York; 1998, pp 1268.
16. Witham FH, Blaydes DF, Deulin RM. Experiments in plant physiology. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company; 1971, pp 245.
17. Hagemann M, Erdmann N. Environmental stresses. In: Rai, A.K. (Ed.), Cyanobacterial Nitrogen Metabolism and Environmental Biotechnology. Springer, Heidelberg, Narosa Publishing House; New Delhi, India, 1997, pp. 156-221.
18. Hayashi H, Murata N. Genetically engineered enhancement of salt tolerance in higher plants Molecular Mechanisms and Molecular Regulation, Elsevier; Amsterdam, 1998, pp. 133-148.
19. Flowers J, Troke PF, Yeo AR. The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28: 89-121, 1977.
20. Greenway H, Munns R. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non- halophytes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 31: 149-190, 1980.
21. Hernandez A, Olmos E, Corpas FJ et al. Salt-induced oxidative stress in chloroplasts of pea plants. Plant Sci 105: 151-156, 1995.
22. AliDinar M, Ebert G, Ludders P. Growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and water relations in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under salinity and different nitrogen supply. Gartenbauwissenschaft 64: 54-59, 1999.
23. Chartzoulakis K, Klapaki G. Response of two green house pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages. Sci Hortic 86: 247-260, 2000.
24. Fritioff A, Kautsky L, Greger M. Influence of temperature and salinity on heavy metal uptake by submersed plants. Environ Pollut 133: 265-274, 2005.
25. Adam P. Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge University Press. 1990.
26. Deegan B, Harrington J, Dundon P. Effects of salinity and inundation regime on growth and distribution of Schoenoplectus triqueter. Aquat Bot 81: 199-211, 2005.
27. Gadallah MAA. Effects of proline and glycinebetaine on Vicia faba response to salt stress. Biol Plant 42: 249-257, 1999.
28. Agastian P, Kingsley SJ, Vivekanandan M. Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics in mulberry genotypes. Photosynthetica 38: 287-290, 2000.
29. Hou W, Chen X, Song G et al. Effects of copper and cadmium on heavy metal polluted waterbody restoration by duckweed (Lemna minor). Plant Physiol Bioch 45: 62-69, 2007.