Impact of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars

This study was conducted to determine the tolerance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars (Dinçer, Remzibey-05, and Yenice) against salt stress based on some physiological and biochemical parameters at the vegetative stage. Eighteen-day-old plants were subjected to salt stress [0 (control), 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM NaCl concentrations] for 12 days, which led to a significant decrease in growth parameters (stem growth, fresh weight, and relative water content) and the photosynthetic pigment contents of the safflower cultivars. The photochemical activities of photosystem II of the cultivars were negatively affected by salinity, especially at the highest concentration (300 mM). Salt stress decreased K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio while it increased Na+ content. Malondialdehyde and free proline contents in the leaves of cultivars increased gradually in proportion to the increase of NaCl concentration. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activities showed that these enzymes responded differently to the NaCl concentrations. Dinçer, with higher antioxidant enzyme activities, had a more effective response than the other cultivars. Considering growth and biochemical and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters with the endogenous defense system, Dinçer had a higher withstanding capacity against salinity than the other cultivars.

Impact of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars

This study was conducted to determine the tolerance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars (Dinçer, Remzibey-05, and Yenice) against salt stress based on some physiological and biochemical parameters at the vegetative stage. Eighteen-day-old plants were subjected to salt stress [0 (control), 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM NaCl concentrations] for 12 days, which led to a significant decrease in growth parameters (stem growth, fresh weight, and relative water content) and the photosynthetic pigment contents of the safflower cultivars. The photochemical activities of photosystem II of the cultivars were negatively affected by salinity, especially at the highest concentration (300 mM). Salt stress decreased K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio while it increased Na+ content. Malondialdehyde and free proline contents in the leaves of cultivars increased gradually in proportion to the increase of NaCl concentration. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activities showed that these enzymes responded differently to the NaCl concentrations. Dinçer, with higher antioxidant enzyme activities, had a more effective response than the other cultivars. Considering growth and biochemical and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters with the endogenous defense system, Dinçer had a higher withstanding capacity against salinity than the other cultivars.

___

  • Ashraf M, Ali Q (2008). Relative membrane permeability and activities of some antioxidant enzymes as the key determinants of salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.). Environ Exp Bot 63: 266–273.
  • Ashraf M, Orooj A (2006). Salt stress effects on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil concentration in an arid zone traditional medicinal plant ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi [L.] Sprague). J Arid Environ 64: 209–220.
  • Aymen EM, Kaouther Z, Fredj MB, Cherif H (2012). Seed priming for better growth and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under saline condition. J Stress Physiol Biochem 8: 135–143.
  • Baker NR, Rosenqvist E (2004). Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities. J Exp Bot 55: 1607–1621.
  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39: 205–207.
  • Baydar H, Gökmen OY (2003). Hybrid seed production in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) following the induction of male sterility by gibberellic acid. Plant Breeding 122: 459–461.
  • Bergmeyer HU (1974). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press.
  • Beyer WF, Fridovich I (1987). Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal Biochem 161: 559–566.
  • Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254.
  • Cambrollé J, Redondo-Gómez S, Mateos-Naranjo E, Luque T, Figueroa ME (2011). Physiological responses to salinity in the yellow-horned poppy Glaucium flavum. Plant Physiol Bioch 49: 186–194.
  • Çelik Ö, Atak Ç (2012). The effect of salt stress on antioxidative enzymes and proline content of two Turkish tobacco varieties. Turk J Biol 36: 339–356.
  • Cha-um S, Kirdmanee C (2009). Proline accumulation, photosynthetic abilities and growth characters of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plantlets in response to iso-osmotic salt and water-deficit stress. Agr Sci China 8: 51–58.
  • Chen HX, Li WJ, An SZ, Gao HY (2004). Characterization of PSII photochemistry and thermostability in salt-treated Rumex leaves. J Plant Physiol 161: 257–264.
  • Çiçek N, Çakırlar H (2008). Effects of salt stress on some physiological and photosynthetic parameters at three different temperatures in six soya bean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars. J Agron Crop Sci 194: 34–46.
  • Coşge B, Gürbüz B, Kıralan M (2007). Oil content and fatty acid composition of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties sown in spring and winter. Int J Nat Eng Sci 1: 11–15.
  • Degl’Innocenti E, Hafsi C, Guidi L, Navari-Izzo F (2009). The effect of salinity on photosynthetic activity in potassium-deficient barley species. J Plant Physiol 166: 1968–1981.
  • Ejaz B, Sajid ZA, Aftab F (2012). Effect of exogenous application of ascorbic acid on antioxidant enzyme activities, proline contents, and growth parameters of Saccharum spp. hybrid cv. HSF-240 under salt stress. Turk J Biol 36: 630–640.
  • Elkahoui S, Hernández JA, Abdelly C, Ghrir R, Limam F (2005). Effects of salt on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities of Catharanthus roseus suspension cells. Plant Sci 168: 607–613.
  • Esterbauer H, Cheeseman KH (1990). Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Method Enzymol 186: 407–431.
  • Eyidogan F, Öz MT (2007). Effect of salinity on antioxidant responses of chickpea seedlings. Acta Physiol Plant 29: 485–493.
  • Farrant JM (2000). A comparison of mechanisms of desiccation tolerance among three angiosperm resurrection plant species. Plant Ecol 151: 29–39.
  • Fraj MB, Al-Dakheel AJ, McCann IR, Shabbir GM, Rumman GA, Al Gailani AQAM (2013). Selection of high yielding and stable safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes under salinity stress. Agr Sci Res J 3: 273–283.
  • Francois LE, Bernstein L (1964). Salt tolerance of safflower. Agron J 56: 38–40.
  • Genty B, Briantais JM, Baker NR (1989). The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochim Biophys Acta 990: 87–92.
  • Gondim FA, Gomes-Filho E, Costa JH, Alencar NLM, Prisco JT (2012). Catalase plays a key role in salt stress acclimation induced by hydrogen peroxide pretreatment in maize. Plant Physiol Bioch 56: 62–71.
  • Hajlaoui H, El Ayeb N, Garrec JP, Denden M (2010). Differential effects of salt stress on osmotic adjustment and solutes allocation on the basis of root and leaf tissue senescence of two silage maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. Ind Crop Prod 31: 122–130.
  • Hayat S, Hasan SA, Yusuf M, Hayat Q, Ahmad A (2010). Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on photosynthesis, fluorescence and antioxidant system in the presence or absence of salinity and temperature in Vigna radiata. Environ Exp Bot 69: 105–112.
  • Heidari M (2010). Nucleic acid metabolism, proline concentration and antioxidants enzyme activity in canola (Brassica nupus L.) under salinity stress. Agric Sci China 9: 504–511.
  • Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950). The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Circ Calif Agr Exp Sta 347: 1–39.
  • Hosseini T, Shekari F, Ghorbanli M (2010). Effect of salt stress on ion content, proline and antioxidative enzymes of two safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Food Agric Environ 8: 1080–1086.
  • Hu Y, Schmidhalter U (2005). Drought and salinity: a comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. J Plant Nutr Soil Sc 168: 541–549.
  • Hussain TM, Chandrasekhar T, Hazara M, Sultan Z, Saleh BK, Gopal GR (2008). Recent advances in salt stress biology – a review. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 3: 8–13.
  • Kalaji HM, Govindjee Bosa K, Kościelniak J, Źuk-Golaszewska K (2011). Effects of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and CO2 assimilation of two Syrian barley landraces. Environ Exp Bot 73: 64–72.
  • Kawakami, EM, Oosterhuis DM, Snider JL (2013). Nitrogen assimilation and growth of cotton seedlings under NaCl salinity and in response to urea application with NBPT and DCD. J Agron Crop Sci 199: 106–117.
  • Kaya MD, İpek A, Öztürk A (2003). Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turk J Agric For 27: 221–227.
  • Lichtenthaler HK (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Method Enzymol 148: 350– 382.
  • Lutts S, Kinet JM, Bouharmont J (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann Bot 78: 389–398.
  • Mehta P, Jajoo A, Mathur S, Bharti S (2010). Chlorophyll a fluorescence study revealing effects of high salt stress on Photosystem II in wheat leaves. Plant Physiol Bioch 48: 16–20.
  • Morant-Manceau A, Pradier E, Tremblin G (2004). Osmotic adjustment, gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence of a hexaploid triticale and its parental species under salt stress. J Plant Physiol 161: 25–33.
  • M’rah S, Ouerghi Z, Berthomieu C, Havaux M, Jungas C, Hajji M, Grignon C, Lachaâl M (2006). Effects of NaCl on the growth, ion accumulation and photosynthetic parameters of Thellungiella halophila. J Plant Physiol 163: 1022–1031.
  • Nagy Z, Galiba G (1995). Drought and salt tolerance are not necessarily linked: a study on wheat varieties differing in drought resistance under consecutive water and salinity stress. J Plant Physiol 145: 168–174.
  • Pessarakli M, Szabolcs I (1999). Soil Salinity and Sodicity as Particular Plant/Crop Stress Factors. In: Pessarakli M, editor. Handbook of Plant Crop Stress. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, pp. 3–22.
  • Qados AMSA (2011). Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba (L.). J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 10: 7–15.
  • Rao VM, Hale BA, Omrod DP (1995). Amelioration of ozone induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grown under high carbon dioxide. Plant Physiol 109: 421–432.
  • Rejili M, Vadel AM, Guetet A, Neffatti M (2007). Effect of NaCl on the growth and the ionic balance K+/Na+ of two populations of Lotus creticus (L.) (Papilionaceae). S Afr J Bot 73: 623–631.
  • Santos CV (2004). Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Sci Hortic 103: 93–99.
  • Sekmen AH, Turkan I, Tanyolac ZO, Ozfidan C, Dinc A (2012). Different antioxidant defense responses to salt stress during germination and vegetative stages of endemic halophyte Gypsophila oblanceolata Bark. Environ Exp Bot 77: 63–76.
  • Sekmen Esen AH, Özgür R, Uzilday B, Tanyolac ZO, Dinç A (2012). The response of the xerophytic plant Gypsophila aucheri to salt and drought stresses: the role of the antioxidant defence system. Turk J Bot 36: 697–706.
  • Siddiqi EH, Ashraf M (2008). Can leaf water relation parameters be used as selection criteria for salt tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Pak J Bot 40: 221–228.
  • Siddiqi EH, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F, Akram NA (2011). Salt- induced modulation in inorganic nutrients, antioxidant enzymes, proline content and seed oil composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Sci Food Agric 91: 2785–2793.
  • Siddiqi EH, Ashraf M, Arkam NA (2007). Variation in seed germination and seedling growth in some diverse lines of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under salt stress. Pak J Bot 39: 1937–1944.
  • Shahzad M, Witzel K, Zörb C, Mühling KH (2012). Growth-related changes in subcellular ion patterns in maize leaves (Zea mays L.) under salt stress. J Agron Crop Sci 198: 46–56.
  • Sudhir P, Pogoryelov D, Kovács L, Garab G, Murthy SDS (2005). The effects of salt stress on photosynthetic electron transport and thylakoid membrane proteins in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. J Biochem Mol Biol 38: 481–485.
  • Tayefi-Nasrabadi H, Dehghan G, Daeihassani B, Movafegi A, Samadi A (2011). Some biochemical properties of guaiacol peroxidases as modified by salt stress in leaves of salt-tolerant and salt- sensitive safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.cv.) cultivars. Afr J Biotechnol 10: 751–763.
  • Türkan I, Demiral T (2009). Recent developments in understanding salinity tolerance. Environ Exp Bot 67: 2–9.
  • Tuteja N (2007). Mechanisms of high salinity tolerance in plants. Method Enzymol 428: 419–438.
  • Vijayan K (2009). Approaches for enhancing salt tolerance in mulberry (MorusL) - a review. Plant Omics J 2: 41–59.
  • Wang SY, Jiao H, Faust M (1991). Changes in ascorbate, glutathione and related enzyme activity, during thidiauron-induced bud break of apple. Plant Physiol 82: 231–236.
  • Weimberg R (1987). Solute adjustments in leaves of two species of wheat at two different stages of growth in response to salinity. Physiol Plant 70: 381–388.
  • Yusuf MA, Kumar D, Rajwanshi R, Strasser RJ, Tsimilli-Michael M, Govindjee Sarin NB (2010). Overexpression of γ-tocopherol methyl transferase gene in transgenic Brassica juncea plants alleviates abiotic stress: physiological and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. BBA-Bioenergetics 1797: 1428– 1438.
  • Zareie S, Mohammadi-Nejad G, Sardouie-Nasab S, (2013). Screening of Iranian safflower genotypes under water deficit and normal conditions using tolerance indices. Aust J Crop Sci 7: 1032– 1037.
  • Zribi L, Fatma G, Fatma R, Salwa R, Hassan N, Néjib RM (2009). Application of chlorophyll fluorescence for the diagnosis of salt stress in tomato “Solanum lycopersicum (variety Rio Grande)”. Sci Hortic 120: 367–372.
Turkish Journal of Biology-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0152
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Squalestatin-induced production of taxol and baccatin in cell suspension culture of yew (Taxus baccata L.)

Sayed Asadollah AMINI, Leila SHABANI, Ladan AFGHANI, Zohreh JALALPOUR, Majid SHARIFI-TEHRANI

Impact of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars

Şeküre Çulha ERDAL, Hüsnü ÇAKIRLAR

Efficiency of using RAPD and ISSR markers in evaluation of genetic diversity in sugar beet

Vusala IZZATULLAYEVA, Zeynal AKPAROV, Sevda BABAYEVA, Javid OJAGHI, Mehraj ABBASOV

Enhanced enzymatic xylose/cellulose fractionation from alkaline liquor-pretreated corn cob by surfactant addition and separate fermentation to bioethanol

Yefu CHEN, Xinxin ZHANG, Shijie ZHANG, Weijun QIN, Changhui GUO, Xuewu GUO, Dongguang XIAO

Photosynthetic characteristics of red and green leaves in growing seedlings of Jatropha curcas

Munna SINGH, Sanjay RANJAN, Krishan Kumar VERMA, Uday Vashudav PATHRE, Pramod Arvind SHIRKE

Expression and purification of porcine PID1 gene in Escherichia coli

Huan WANG, Xiaoling CHEN, Zhiqing HUANG, Bo ZHOU, Gang JIA, Guangmang LIU, Hua ZHAO

Study of exogenous oxidative stress response in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Salmonella spp.

İfratun NUR, Mohammad Sakil MUNNA, Rashed NOOR

Polyploidy and apomixis in accessions of Senna rugosa (G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Kátia RESENDE, Clara PRADO, Lisete DAVIDE, Giovana TORRES

Preconditioning effect of cytokinins on in vitro multiplication of embryonic node of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) cultivar Gürbüz

Surendra BARPETE, Muhammad AASIM, Khalid Mahmood KHAWAR, Sancar Fatih ÖZCAN, Sebahattin ÖZCAN

Melatonin is effective in reducing stress-induced organ damage in Wistar albino rats

Mukaddes EŞREFOĞLU, Ayşin AKINCI, Hülya ELBE, Elif TAŞLIDERE, Aslı ÇETİN, Burhan ATEŞ