Majid ESMAELIZAD, Mehdi P. ASHTIANI, Saber JELOKHANI-NIARAKI, Khadije HASHEMNEJAD

Identification of 23 specific nucleotide patterns in the HN gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from Iran

Newcastle disease is considered the most contagious poultry disease and may cause severe economic loss in the poultry industry. The present study was undertaken to focus on molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene in the Iranian isolates. The nucleotide sequence of the HN (780-903 nt) coding region of 6 Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), isolated from various outbreaks in Iran, was determined and aligned with previously published sequences of 26 NDV isolates in GenBank; the resulting alignment was then analyzed in terms of genetic variation. The number of nucleotide sequence variations presented by each of the isolates indicated that all 6 Iranian isolates contained 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HN coding region. These polymorphisms can be considered signature nucleotides in this lineage. Specific positions are as follow: T795->C, T918->C, T1230->C, T1269->C, A819->G, A990->G, A1041->G, A1293->G, A1523->G, C834->T, C1299->T, C1383->T, C1386->T, C1545->T, C1560->T, G906->T, G1134->A, G1368->A, G1251->C, C1266->A, T1344->G, A1374->T, and T1401->A. Sequence analysis of the isolates showed that the 6 Iranian isolates examined share significant similarity with 2 Russian isolates, Sterna-Astr/2755/2001 and VOL95. Interestingly, both Russian isolates have the same nucleotide pattern as the Iranian isolates in all 23 nucleotide positions, except for isolate Sterna-Astr/2755/2001, which is only different at position 1560. The results may reflect that certain migratory birds, such as Sterna albifrons Pallas, might have contributed to the distribution of NDV in Russia and Iran. These best-known migratory birds travelling between Iran and Russia play a crucial role in the transmission of NDV.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: RT-PCR, Newcastle disease virus, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, single nucleotide polymorphism, Iran

Identification of 23 specific nucleotide patterns in the HN gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from Iran

Keywords:

Key words: RT-PCR, Newcastle disease virus, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, single nucleotide polymorphism, Iran,

PDF

___

1. Linde AM, Munir M, Zohari S et al. Complete genome characterization of a Newcastle disease virus isolated during an outbreak in Sweden in 1997. Virus Genes 41: 165-173, 2010.
2. Singh K, Jindal N, Gupta SL et al. Detection of Newcastle disease virus genome from the fi eld outbreaks in poultry by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. Int J Poult Sci 7: 472-475, 2005.
3. Huang Y, Wan HQ, Liu HQ et al. Genomic sequence of an isolate of Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in geese: a novel six nucleotide insertion in the non-coding region of the nucleoprotein gene. Arch Virol 149: 1445-1457, 2004.
4. de Leeuw OS, Koch G, Hartog L et al. Virulence of Newcastle disease virus is determined by the cleavage site of the fusion protein and by both the stem region and globular head of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein. J Gen Virol 86: 1759- 1769, 2005.
5. Huang Z, Krishnamurthy S, Panda A et al. Newcastle disease virus V protein is associated with viral pathogenesis and functions as an alpha interferon antagonist. J Virol 77: 8676- 8685, 2003.
6. Phillips RJ, Samson AC, Emmerson PT. Nucleotide sequence of the 5’-terminus of Newcastle disease virus and assembly of the complete genomic sequence: agreement with the “rule of six”. Arch Virol 143: 1993-2002, 1998.
7. Lin MY, Liu HJ, Ke GM. Genetic and antigenic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses from recent outbreaks in Taiwan. Avian Pathology 32: 345-350, 2003.
8. Momayez R, Gharahkhani P, Pourbakhsh SA et al. Isolation and pathogenicity identifi cat ion of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease) virus from a Japanese quail fl ock in Iran. Arch Razi Ins 62: 39-44, 2007.
9. Gould AR, Kattenbelt JA, Selleck P et al. Virulent Newcastle disease in Australia: molecular epidemiological analysis of viruses isolated prior to and during the outbreaks of 1998- 2000. Virus Res 77: 51-60, 2001.
10. de Leeuw O, Peeters B. Complete nucleotide sequence of Newcastle disease virus: evidence for the existence of a new genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. J Gen Virol 80: 131-136, 1999.
11. Cobaleda C, Munoz-Barroso I, Sagrera A et al. Fusogenic activity of reconstituted newcastle disease virus envelopes: a role for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in the fusion process. Int J Biochem Cell B 34: 403-413, 2002.
12. Munoz-Barroso I, Cobaleda C, Zhadan G et al. Dynamic properties of Newcastle disease virus envelope and their relations with viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase membrane glycoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1327: 17-31, 1997.
13. Kianizadeh M, Ideris A, Shahrabadi MS et al. Biological and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolated from Iran. Arch Razi Ins 50: 1-10, 1999.
14. Lamb RA, Kolakofsky D. Paramyxoviridae. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM and Howley PM. eds. Th e Viruses and Th eir Replication. Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996: pp. 477-522.
15. Millar NS, Chambers P, Emmerson PT. Nucleotide sequence of the fusion and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein genes of Newcastle disease virus, strain Ulster: molecular basis for variations in pathogenicity between strains. J Gen Virol 69: 6132-6120, 1988.
16. Millar NS, Chambers P, Emmerson PT. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease virus. J Gen Virol 67: 1917-1927, 1986.
17. Nagai Y, Klenk HD, Rott R. Proteolytic cleavage of the viral glycoproteins and its signifi cance for the virulence of Newcastle disease virus. Virology 72: 494-508, 1976.
18. Dopazo J, Sobrino F, Palma EL et al. Gene encoding capsid protein VP1 of foot and mouth disease virus: a quasispecies model of molecular evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 6811-6815, 1988.
19. Gould AR, Hansson E, Selleck K et al. Newcastle disease virus fusion and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene motifs as markers for viral lineage. Avian Pathol 32: 361-373, 2003.
20. Hassanzadeh M, Bozorgmeri Fard MH. A serological study of Newcastle disease in pre- and post-vaccinated village chickens in north of Iran. Int J Poult Sci 10: 658-661, 2004.
21. Malirat V, de Barros JJ, Bergmann IE et al. Phylogenetic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O re-emerging in free areas of South America. Virus Res 124: 22-28, 2007.