Romeo Teodor CRISTINA, Diana OBISTIOIU, Eugenia DUMITRESCU, İleana NICHITA, Florin MUSELIN, Diana BREZOVAN, Mihai Sorin CERNEA

Eugenol biologic activity in immunosuppressed rat females with Candida albicans genital infection: histocytological changes

From our prior studies concerning eugenol's biologic activity we observed the very good in vitro antifungal efficiency of this natural compound. Those positive results generated the need to supplement the available information with a comparative in vivo animal model. In this context, our current study was proposed to ascertain and compare the effects of eugenol with nystatin with a placebo control group (saline solution) by evaluating the cytohistological alterations in immunosuppressed Wistar female rats genitally infected with Candida albicans. The observed histological alterations were most apparent in the placebo group. Candidiasis affected the liver, ovaries, kidneys, and spleen of the infected female rats. When compared to the groups treated with eugenol and nystatin, these alterations were either less discernible or were not reported at all, except for the liver degenerations, which were attributed to the immunosuppressive activity of drugs used and not to the Candida infection. The efficiency in the in vivo experimental candidiasis exerted by eugenol upon the tissues' histoarchitecture allows us to seriously consider it as a promising antifungal active substance, useful therapeutically in genital candidiasis and, in our opinion, with comparable biologic activity to that of nystatin.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Candida albicans, eugenol, genital infection, female rat model

Eugenol biologic activity in immunosuppressed rat females with Candida albicans genital infection: histocytological changes

Keywords:

Candida albicans, eugenol, genital infection, female rat model,

PDF

___

Baykan Erel Ş, Reznicek G, Şenol SG, Karabay YavaşoğuluNÜ, Konyalıoğlu S, Zeybek AU (2012). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Artemisia L. species from western Anatolia. Turk J Biol 36: 75–84.
Cavaleiro C, Pinto E, Gonçalves MJ, Salgueiro L (2006). Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils against dermatophyte, Aspergillus and Candida strains. J Appl Microbiol 100: 1333– 1338.
Chami N, Chami F, Bennis S (2004). Antifungal treatment with carvacrol and eugenol of oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats. Braz J Inf Dis 8: 217–226.
CLSI (2009). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Method for Antifungal Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Guideline - Second Edition. CLSI Document M44-A2. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI.
Donaldson JR, Warner SL, Cates RG, Young DG (2005). Assessment of antimicrobial activity of fourteen essential oils when using dilution and diffusion methods. Pharm Biol 43: 687–695.
Dupont BF, Dromer F, Improvisi L (1996). The problem of resistance to azoles in Candida. J Mycol Med 6: 12–29.
ECPVAEOSP (1986). European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe.
European Parliament (2010). Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes, 22 September 2010. Official Journal of the European Union 2010 L 276, 33–79. Brussels, Belgium: European Parliament.
Fidel PL Jr, Sobel JD (1996). Immunopathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 9: 335–348.
Fındık D, Tuncer İ (2002). Nosocomial fungal infections in a teaching hospital in turkey: identification of the pathogens and their antifungal susceptibility patterns. Turk J Med Sci 32: 35–38.
Ghaly MF, Shalaby MA, Shash SMS, Shehata MN, Ayad AA (2009). Synergistic effect of antibiotics and plant extract to control clinical bacterial isolates implicated in urinary tract infections. J Appl Sci Res 5: 1298–1306.
Giordani R, Regli P, Kaloustian J, Mikaïl C, Abou L, Portugal H (2004). Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. Phytother Res 18: 990–995.
Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV (1998). In vitro activity of essential oils, in particular Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil and tea tree oil products against Candida spp. J Antimicrob Chemoth 42: 591–595.
Hanafi EM, Abdel-Khader MM, Kassem SS, Danial EN (2010). Aroma-therapy for endometritis induced by Candida albicans. Int J Acad Res 2: 111–119.
Hata K, Kimura J, Miki H (1996). Efficacy of ER-30346, a novel oral triazole antifungal agent, in experimental models of Aspergillosis, Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40: 2243–2247.
Hayat MQ, Ashraf M, Khan MA, Jabeen S (2009). Ethnobotany of the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) in Pakistan. Ethnobot Res Appl 7: 147–162.
Henriques-Contente RM (2004). Candida dubliniensis versus Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation. PhD, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Heseltine JC, Panciera DL, Saunders GK (2003). Systemic candidiasis in a dog. JAVMA 223: 821–824.
Jadhav VJ, Pal M (2006). Canine mycotic stomatitis due to Candida albicans. Rev Iberoam Micol 23: 233–234.
Jin Y, Lin D (2005). Fungal urinary tract infections in the dog and cat: a retrospective study (2001-2004). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41: 373–381.
Jones J, Russel C, Young C (1976). Tetracycline and the colonization and infection of the mouths of germ-free and conventionalized rats with Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2: 247– 253.
Marlete C (2005). Isolation of Candida spp. from vaginal microbiota of healthy canine females during estrous cycle. Braz J Microbiol 36: 201–204.
Nagababu E, Lakshmaiah N (1992). Inhibitory effect of eugenol on non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol 43: 2393–2400.
Nagababu E, Lakshmaiah N (1994). Inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation and monooxygenase activities by eugenol. Free Radical Res 20: 253–266.
Nagababu E, Rifkind JM, Sesikeran S, Lakshmaiah N (2010). Assessment of antioxidant activity of eugenol in vitro and in vivo. Methods Mol Biol 610: 165–180.
Neves J, Pinto E, Amaral MH, Bahia MF (2009). Antifungal activity of a gel containing Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Candida species commonly involved in vulvovaginal candidosis. Pharm Biol 47: 151–153.
Obiștioiu D, Cristina RT, Schmerold I, Chizzola R, Stolze K, Nichita I, Chiurciu V (2014). Chemical characterization by GC-MS and in vitro activity against Candida albicans of volatile fractions prepared from Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris. Chem Cent J 8: 6.
Özkan A, Erdoğan A (2013). Membrane and DNA damaging/ protective effects of eugenol, eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol, and camphor at various concentrations on parental and drug- resistant H1299 cells. Turk J Biol 37: 405–413.
Peirce S (2006). SVH AEC SOP.26. Euthanasia of Mice and Rats. Melbourne, Australia: St. Vincent’s Hospital Animal Ethics Committee.
Romanian Government (2002). Law No. 471 of 9 July 2002 Approving Government Ordinance No. 37/2002 for the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Other Experimental Purposes. Bucharest, Romania: Government of Romania.
Șincai M (1996). Biologie celulară şi moleculară la animale. Timișoara, Romania: Ed. Mirton (in Romanian).
Sobel JD, Muller G, McCormick JF (1985). Experimental chronic vaginal candidosis in rats. Sabouraudia 23:199–206.
Tan RX, Zheng WF, Tang HQ (1998). Biologically active substances from the genus Artemisia. Planta Med 64: 295–302.