Özlem GÜR, Murat ÖZDAL, Ömer Faruk ALGUR

Biodegradation of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide α-cypermethrin by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia OG2

A novel gram-negative bacterium, OG2, was isolated from the body microflora of cockroaches (Blatta orientalis). Based on morphological, biochemical, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, the isolated strain OG2 was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. This bacterial strain was screened for its alpha-cypermethrin-degrading potential with minimal salt medium (MSM). The alpha-cypermethrin degradation and utilization ability of the isolated organism was verified. Bacterial growth was measured by optical density in the presence of the pesticide at different concentrations (50-200 mg/L). S. maltophilia OG2 utilized alpha-cypermethrin as the sole carbon source for growth, and alpha-cypermethrin degradation increased when MSM was supplemented with glucose. In the absence and presence of glucose, alpha-cypermethrin (100 mg/L) degradation efficiency of OG2 was 69.9% and 81.3%, respectively. Analysis of the degradation products indicated that S. maltophilia OG2 converted alpha-cypermethrin to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, phenol, and muconic acid. Medium composition had considerable influence on the types of metabolic products. According to the results, S. maltophilia OG2 may have potential use in the bioremediation of cypermethrin-contaminated environments.

Biodegradation of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide α-cypermethrin by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia OG2

Keywords:

alpha-Cypermethrin, biodegradation, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,

PDF

___

Barragan-Huerta BE, Costa-Perez C, Peralta-Cruz J, Barrera- Cortes J, Esparza-Garcia F, Rodriguez-Vazquez R (2007). Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides by bacteria grown in microniches of the porous structure of green bean coffee. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 59: 239–244.

Bradbury SP, Coats JR (1989). Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of pyrethroid insecticides in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 8: 373–380.

Chen S, Geng P, Xiao Y, Hu M (2012a). Bioremediation of β-cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde contaminated soils using Streptomyces aureus HP-S-01. Appl Microbiol Bio- technol 94: 505–515.

Chen S, Hu M, Liu J, Zhong G, Yang L, Rizwan-ul-Haq M, Han H (2011a). Biodegradation of beta-cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by a novel Ochrobactrum lupini DG-S- 01. J Hazard Mater 187: 433–440.

Chen S, Luo J, Hu M, Lai K, Geng P, Huang H (2012b). Enhancement of cypermethrin degradation by a coculture of Bacillus cereus ZH-3 and Streptomyces aureus HP-S-01. Bioresour Technol 110: 97–104.

Chen S, Yang L, Hu M, Liu J (2011b). Biodegradation of fenvalerate and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by a novel Stenotrophomonas sp. strain ZS-S-01 and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 90: 755–767.

Diao J, Xu P, Liu D, Lu Y, Zhou Z (2011). Enantiomer-specific toxicity and bioaccumulation of alpha-cypermethrin to earthworm Eisenia fetida. J Hazard Mater 192: 1072–1078.

Dillon RJ, Dillon VM (2004). The gut bacteria of insects: nonpathogenic interactions. Annu Rev Entomol 49: 71–92.

Elgderi RM, Ghenghesh KS, Berbash N (2006). Carriage by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) of multiple- antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans, in hospitals and households in Tripoli, Libya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100: 55–62.

Grant RJ, Daniell TJ, Betts WB (2002). Isolation and identification of synthetic pyrethroid-degrading bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 92: 534–540.

Jilani S, Khan MA (2006). Biodegradation of cypermethrin by pseudomonas in a batch activated sludge process. Int J Environ Sci Technol 3: 371–380.

Katsuda Y (1999). Development of and future prospects for pyrethroid chemistry. Pestic Sci 55: 775–782.

Khambay B, Jewess P (2005). Pyrethroids. In: Gilbert LI, Iatrou K, Gill SS, editors. Molecular Insect Science. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, pp. 1–29.

Kumar K, Devi SS, Krishnamurthi K, Kanade GS, Chakrabarti T (2007). Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan degrading and detoxifying bacteria. Chemosphere 68: 317–322.

Kumar M, Philip L (2006). Bioremediation of endosulfan contaminated soil and water-optimization of operating conditions in laboratory scale reactors. J Hazard Mater 136: 354–364.

Laffin B, Chavez M, Pine M (2010). The pyrethroid metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol do not exhibit estrogenic activity in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line or Sprague–Dawley rats. Toxicology 267: 39–44.

Liu Z, Yang C, Jiang H, Mulchandani A, Chen W, Qiao C (2009). Simultaneous degradation of organophosphates and 4-substituted phenols by Stenotrophomonas species LZ-1 with surface-displayed organophosphorus hydrolase. J Agric Food Chem 57: 6171–6177.

Maloney SE, Maule A, Smith ARW (1998). Microbial transformation of the pyrethroid insecticides: permethrin, deltamethrin, fastac, fenvalerate, and fluvalinate. Appl Environ Microbiol 54: 2874–2876.

Okay S, Özdal M, Kurbanoğlu EB (2013). Characterization, antifungal activity and cell immobilization of a chitinase from Serratia marcescens MO-1. Turk J Biol 37: 639–644.

Ozdal M, Incekara U, Polat A, Gur O, Kurbanoglu EB, Tasar GE (2012). Isolation of filamentous fungi assocıated with two common edible aquatic ınsects, Hydrophılus piceus and Dytiscus marginalis. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci 2: 95–105.

Pai HH, Chen WC, Peng CF (2005). Isolation of bacteria with antibiotic resistance from household cockroaches Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica. Acta Trop 93: 259–265.

Pino N, Penuela G (2011). Simultaneous degradation of the pesticides methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos by an isolated bacterial consortium from a contaminated site. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65: 827–831.

Shafer TJ, Meyer DA, Crofton KM (2005). Developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides: critical review and future research needs. Environ Health Perspect 113: 123–136.

Siddique T, Okeke BC, Arshad M, Frankenberg WT (2003). Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan-degrading microorganisms. J Environ Qual 32: 47–54.

Tallur PN, Megadi VB, Ninnekar HZ (2008). Biodegradation of cypermethrin by Micrococcus sp. strain CPN 1. Biodegradation 19: 77–82.

Tyler CR, Beresford N, Woning M, Sumpter JP, Thorpe K (2000). Metabolism and environmental degradation of pyrethroid insecticides produce compounds with endocrine activities. Environ Toxicol Chem 19: 801–809.

Valles SM, Dong K, Brenner RJ (2000). Mechanisms responsible for cypermethrin resistance in a strain of German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Pestic Biochem Physiol 66: 195–205.

Weston DP, Asbell AM, Hecht SA, Scholz NL, Lydy MJ (2011). Pyrethroid insecticides in urban salmon streams of the Pacific Northwest. Environ Pollut 159: 3051–3056.

Zhang C, Jia L, Wang S, Qu J, Li K, Xu L, Shi Y, Yan Y (2010). Biodegradation of beta-cypermethrin by two Serratia spp. with different cell surface hydrophobicity. Bioresour Technol 101: 3423–3429.