Seed oil content and fatty acid profiles of endemic Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien, Phoenix caneriensis Hort. Ex Chabaud, and Phoenix dactylifera L. grown in the same locality in Turkey

Plants-based oils and fats usually obtained from seeds have been indispensable substances for mankind, both in nutritional and industrial respect. This study aimed to determine the total amount of oil and the fatty acid compositions of Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, P. roebelenii O’Brien, P. caneriensis Hort. Ex Chabaud, and P. dactylifera L. The seeds of these four Phoenix species were collected from the same location, east Mediterranean agroecological conditions when the fruits were fully ripened, which means the environmental factors that may affect the oil content and the fatty acid compositions were controlled. The highest oil content of the samples was obtained from P. caneriensis (8.435 g/100 g) and followed by P. dactylifera (6.400 g/100 g), P. roebelenii (5.130 g/100 g), and P. theophrasti (4.730 g/100 g), respectively. The dominant fatty acids detected in the seed oils were oleic acid (C18:1n9c, 35.080–46.625%), lauric acid (C12:0, 26.160–18.055%), myristic acid (C14:0, 12.670–10.335%), linoleic acid (Cl8:2n6c, 13.295–7.990%), and palmitic acid (C16:0, 11.355–7.590%) for all four species. To the best of the knowledge, this study is the first to reveal the total oil amount of the seeds of P. theophrasti and P. roebelenii, and also the fatty acid composition of P. roebelenii.

PDF

___

Akbari M, Razavizadeh R, Mohebbi GH, Barmak (2012). Oil characteristics and fatty acid profile of seeds from three varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars in Bushehr-Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology 11 (57): 12088-12093. doi: 10.5897/ajb12.1084
Al-Hooti S, Sidhu S, Gabazard H (1998). Chemical composition of seeds of date fruit cultivars of United Arab Emirates. Journal of Food Science and Technology 35 (1): 44-46.
Al-Shahib W, Marshall RJ (2003). Fatty acid content of the seeds from 14 varieties of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 38 (6): 709-712. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00723.x
Amorós A, Rivera D, Larrosa E, Obón C (2014). Physico-chemical and functional characteristics of date fruits from different Phoenix species (Arecaceae). Fruits 69 (4): 315-323. doi: 10.1051/fruits/2014020
Barrow S (1994). In search of Phoenix roebelenii: The Xishuangbanna palm. Principes, Miami 38 (4): 177-181.
Barrow SCA (1998). Monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bullettin 53: 513-575. doi: 10.2307/4110478
Boydak M (1985). The distribution of Phoenix theophrasti in the Datça Peninsula, Turkey. Biological Conservation 32 (2): 129- 135. doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(85)90081-3
Boydak MA (1986). A new natural distributıon of Pheonix theophrasti in Kumluca-Karaöz, Turkey. Istanbul University Journal of Forestry Faculty Seri A 36 (1): 1-13.
Devshony S, Eteshola E, Shani A (1992). Characteristics and some potential applications of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds and seed oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 69 (6): 595-597. doi: 10.1007/BF02636115
Dogan H, Ercisli S, Jurikova T, Temim E, Leto A et al. (2014a). Physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of fruits of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) from Turkey. Oxidation Communications 37: 1005-1014.
Dogan H, Ercisli S, Temim E, Hadziabulic A, Tosun M et al. (2014b). Diversity of chemical content and biological activity in flower buds of a wide number of wild grown caper (Capparis ovate Desf.) genotypes from Turkey. Comptes Rendus de I’Academie bulgare des Sciences 67: 1593-1600.
Ergun Z, Zarifikhosroshahi M (2021). Factors affecting the composition of fatty acids in seeds. 2nd Internatıonal 5 Ocak Congress On Applied Sciences p. 196.
Fayadh JM, Al-Showiman SS (1990). Chemical composition of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of The Chemical Society of Pakistan 12 (1): 84-103.
García-Granero JJ, Skoula M, Sarpaki A, Cárdenas M, Madella M et al. (2020). Long-term assessment of the use of Phoenix theophrasti Greuter (Cretan date palm): The ethnobotany and archaeobotany of a neglected palm. Journal Ethnobiology 40 (1): 101-114. doi: 10.2993/0278-0771-40.1.101
Gecer MK, Kan T, Gundogdu M, Ercisli S, Ilhan G, Sagbas HI (2020). Physicochemical characteristics of wild and cultivated apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Aras valley in Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 67: 935-945.
Greuter W (1967). Beiträge Zur Flora Der Südägäis. Bauhinia 3: 243- 254.
Gros-Balthazard M (2013). Hybridization in the genus Phoenix: A review. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 25 (11): 831– 842. doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i11.16660
Guney M, Oz AT, Kafkas E (2015). Comparison of lipids, fatty acids and volatile compounds of various kumquat species using HS/ GC/MS/FID techniques. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95 (6): 1268–1273. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6817
Hirsinger F (1992). Vegetable oils and fats in the chemical industry. Plant Research and Development 36: 19-27.
Ilyasoğlu H (2014). Characterization of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) seed and seed oil. International Journal of Food Properties 17 (7):1591-1598. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2013.777075
Kafkas E, Attar SH, Gundesli MA, Ozcan A, Ergun M (2020). Phenolic and fatty acid profile, and protein content of different walnut cultivars and genotypes (Juglans regia L.) grown in the USA. International Journal of Fruit Science 20 (S3): S1711– S1720. doi: 10.1080/15538362.2020.1830014
Kaskoniene V, Bimbiraite-Surviliene K, Kaskonas P, Tiso N, Cesoniene L et al. (2020). Changes in the biochemical compounds of Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and forest litter collected from various forest types. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 44: 557-566.
Kohler U, Luniak M (2005). Data inspection using biplots. Stata Journal 5 (2): 208-223. doi: 10.1177/1536867x0500500206
Lieb VM, Kleiber C, Metwali EMR, Kadasa NMS, Almaghrabi OA et al. (2020). Fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the seed oils of Saudi Arabian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) palms. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 55 (4): 1572–1577. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.14383
Liolios CC, Sotiroudis GT, Chinou I (2009). Fatty acids, sterols, phenols and antioxidant activity of Phoenix theophrasti fruits growing in Crete, Greece. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 64 (1): 52-61. doi: 10.1007/s11130-008-0100-1
Nehdi I, Omri S, Khalil MI, Al-Resayes SI (2010) Characteristics and chemical composition of date palm (Phoenix canariensis) seeds and seed oil. Industrial Crops and Products 32 (3): 360-365. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop. 2010.05.016
Nehdi IA, Zarrouk H, Al-Resayes SI (2011). Changes in chemical composition of Phoenix canariensis Hort. Ex Chabaud palm seed oil during the ripening Process. Scientia Horticulturae 129 (4): 724-729. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta. 2011.05.028
Parlak S, Yigit M (2020). Contributions to the seed properties of Datça (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter) and Gölköy (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak) palms. Tree and Forest 1 (1): 42-45.
Rivera D, Obón C, Alcaraz F, Laguna E, Johnson D (2019). Datepalm (Phoenix, Arecaceae) iconography in coins from the Mediterranean and West Asia (485 BC–1189 AD). Journal of Cultural Heritage 37: 199-214. doi: 10.1016/j. culher.2018.10.010
Song J, Bangerth F (2003). Fatty acids as precursors for aroma volatile biosynthesis in pre-climacteric and climacteric apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 30 (2): 113-121. doi: 10.1016/S0925-5214(03)00098-X
Subasi I (2020). Seed fatty acid compositions and chemotaxonomy of wild Crambe (Brassicaceae) taxa in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 44: 662-670. doi: 10.3906/tar-1912-76
Szentmihályi K, Vinkler P, Lakatos B, Illés V, Then M (2002). Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) oil obtained from waste hip seeds by different extraction methods. Bioresources Technology 82 (2): 195–201. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00161-4
Vardareli N, Doğaroğlu T, Doğaç E, Taşkın V, Göçmen Taşkın B (2019). Genetic characterization of tertiary relict endemic Phoenix theophrasti populations in Turkey and phylogenetic relations of the species with other palm species revealed by SSR Markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution 305 (6): 415-429. doi: 10.1007/s00606-019-01580-8
WCSP (2015). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Http://Apps.Kew.Org/ Wcsp/.
Reddy KS, Katan MB (2004). Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases. Public Health Nutrition 7 (1a): 167–186. doi: 10.1079/phn2003587
Zia-Ul-Haq M, Ahmad S, Qayum M, Ercisli S (2013). Compositional studies and antioxidant potential of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Pods and seeds. Turkish Journal of Biology 37: 25-32. doi: 10.3906/biy-1204-38