Mehmet YILDIRIM, Murat TİRYAKİOĞLU, Sema KARANLIK

Macronutrient concentration and remobilization in spring wheat organs during grain flling

Tis study was conducted with 4 bread wheat genotypes to determine the macronutrient content in diferent plant organsduring the grain flling period. Macronutrient contents such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), andmagnesium (Mg) were determined in lower stems, peduncles, lower leaves, fag leaves, rachises, forets, and grains. High genotypeefects were found for all macronutrients and plant organs. N, P, K, and Mg decreased during grain flling in all plant parts except thegrain. Te rate of decrease varied depending on plant organs and nutrients. Grain nutrient concentration, except nitrogen content,increased up to physiological maturity. In contrast to the other nutrients, Ca content increased or remained stable depending on theplant organs. Te macronutrient remobilization order from plant organs to grain was Mg < P < N < K ≤ Ca, and all nutrients wereaccepted as removable at grain development stages. Remobilization models of macronutrients in grains can be valuable for detectinghigh-capacity plants for nutrient accumulation in stressful environments. Relationships among macronutrients and their relationshipswith plant organs can be used, by way of indirect selection, in wheat breeding eforts.

PDF

___

Brown RH (1984). Growth of the green plant. In: Tesar MB, editor. Physiological Basis of Crop Growth and Development. Madison, WI, USA: ASA and CSSA, pp. 153174.
Fageria NK (1990). Response of wheat to phosphorus fertilization on an Oxisol. Pesqui Agropecu Bras 25: 530537.
Fageria NK (2004). Dry matter yield and shoot nutrient concentrations of upland rice, common bean, corn, and soybean in rotation on an Oxisol. Commun Soil Sci Plan 35: 961974.
Fageria NK (2009). Te use of nutrients in crop plants. Cereal Res Commun 37: 149150.
Hocking PJ (1994). Dry‐matter production, mineral nutrient concentrations, and nutrient distribution and redistribution in irrigated spring wheat. J Plant Nutr 17: 12891308.
Le Gouis J, Beghin D, Heumez E, Pluchard P (2000). Genetic diferences for nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization efciencies in winter wheat. Eur J Agron 12: 163173.
Maier NA, McLaughlin MJ, Heap M, Butt M, Smart MK (2002). Efect of current season application of calcitic lime and phosphorus fertilization on potato tuber phosphorus concentration and leaf chemical composition. Commun Soil Sci Plan 33: 21672188.
Merah O (2001). Carbon isotope discrimination and mineral composition of three organs in durum wheat genotypes grown under Mediterranean conditions. Life Sci 324: 355363.
Munson RD (1982). Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium in the Tropics and Subtropics. Technical Bulletin T-23. Muscle Shoals, TN, USA: International Fertilizer Development Center.
Oury FX, Leenhardt F, Remesy C, Chanliaud E, Duperrier B, Balfourier F, Charmet G (2006). Genetic variability and stability of grain magnesium, zinc and iron concentrations in bread wheat. Eur J Agron 25: 177185.
Palta JA, Fillery IRP (1995). Nitrogen application enhances remobilization and reduces losses of preanthesis N in wheat grown on a duplex soil. Aust J Agr Res 46: 519531.
Reuter DJ (1986). Temperate and sub-tropical crops. In: Reuter DJ, Robinson JB, editors. Plant Analysis: An Interpretation Manual. Melbourne, Australia: Inkata Press, pp. 3899.
Saric MR (1987). Progress since the frst international symposium: Genetic aspects of plant mineral nutrition, Beograd, 1982, and perspectives of future research. Plant Soil 99: 197209.
Smith CJ, Whitfeld DM (1990). Nitrogen accumulation and redistribution of late applications of 15N-labelled fertilizer by wheat. Field Crop Res 24: 211226.
Umar AS, Iqbal M (2007). Identifcation of characteristics afecting nitrogen utilization efciencies in wheat cultivars. Arch Aceker Pf Boden 53: 459472.
Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res 14: 415412.