Hyun-Gyu PARK, Min-Hae JEONG, Young-Sang AHN

Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis MH48 to improve Camellia japonica seedling development in coastal lands

This study aimed to determine the promotion of the growth and nutrient uptake of Camellia japonica seedlings in coastallands by bacterial inoculation. Soil salinity reduces plant growth and development in coastal areas due to the osmotic stress that perturbsnutrient uptake. The soil electrical conductivity at the sites of this study ranged from 1.02 to 1.89 dS m–1. Application of chemical fertilizerresulted in the limited uptake of nutrients in seedlings under saline conditions as well as a low nutrient content in the soil caused byleaching, with no significant influence on the growth of the seedlings. However, Bacillus licheniformis MH48 increased the total nitrogenand total phosphorus in the soil due to atmospheric nitrogen fixation and the solubilization of phosphorus via organic acid exudation. Inaddition, B. licheniformis MH48 produces auxin, which stimulates root development and nutrient uptake. The bacterial inoculation couldreduce the ethylene levels in seedlings by containing ACC deaminase, thus alleviating salt stress. Thus, bacterial inoculation significantlyincreased plant biomass to amounts of 15.67 g plant–1 (the sum of the leaves and shoots) and 8.00 g plant–1 in the roots of the seedlings.The nutrient uptake by seedlings also improved 2 to 3 times after the bacterial inoculation. The plant development effect appears to bedirect, with the possible involvement of the bacterial inoculation as a plant development regulator. In view of environmental pollutiondue to excessive use of fertilizers and the high cost of producing fertilizers, the bacterial inoculation tested in our study has the potentialto be used for environmentally benign plant production. However, the survival rate between the groups decreased due to salt stress. Inparticular, the survival rate of the seedlings that received bacterial inoculation was not significantly different from that of uninoculatedseedlings. C. japonica seedlings are considered moderately sensitive to salinity.

PDF

___

Adesemoye AO, Kloepper JW (2009). Plant-microbes interactions in enhanced fertilizer use efficiency. Appl Microbiol Biot 85: 1-12.
Aslam M, Sultana B, Anwar F, Munir H (2016). Foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators affected the biochemical and antioxidant attributes of spinach in a field experiment Turk J Agric For 40:136-145.
Aslantaş R, Çakmakçi R, Şahin F (2007). Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on young apple tree growth and fruit yield under orchard conditions. Sci Hort 111: 371-377.
Çakmakçı R (2016). Screening of multi-trait rhizobacteria for improving the growth, enzyme activities, and nutrient uptake of tea (Camellia sinensis). Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 47: 1680-1690.
Chakraborty U, Chakraborty BN, Chakraborty AP (2012). Induction of plant growth promotion in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium and its bioformulations. World J Agric Sci 8: 104- 112.
Ercisli S, Esitken A, Cangi R, Sahin F (2003). Adventitious root formation of kiwifruit in relation to sampling date, IBA and Agrobacterium rubi inoculation. Plant Growth Regul 41: 133- 137.
Erturk Y, Ercisli S, Haznedar A, Cakmakci R (2010). Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on rooting and root growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) stem cuttings. Biol Res 43: 91-98.
Esitken A, Karlidag H, Ercisli S, Turan M, Sahin F (2003). The effect of spraying a growth promoting bacterium on the yield, growth and nutrient element composition of leaves of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Hacihaliloglu). Aust J Agric Res 54: 377-380.
Glick BR, Penrose DM, Li J (1998). A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth promoting bacteria. J Theor Biol 190: 63-68.
Koç A (2015). Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on lipid peroxidation and total phenolics of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ‘San Andreas’) under salt stress. Turk J Agric For 39: 992-998.
Korea Meteorological Administration (2015). Annual Climatological Report. Seoul, Korea: Korea Meteorological Administration (in Korean).
Koyro HW (2006). Effect of salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations, and solute composition of the potential cash crop halophyte Plantago coronopus (L.). Environ Exp Bot 56: 136-146.
Lie HJ, Cho CH, Lee S, Kim ES, Koo BJ, Noh JH (2008). Changes in marine environment by a large coastal development of the Saemangeum reclamation project in Korea. Ocean Polar Res 30: 475-484.
Liu F, Xing S, Ma H, Du Z, Ma B (2013). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria affect the growth and nutrient uptake of Fraxinus americana container seedlings. Appl Microbiol Biot 97: 4617- 4625.
Mulvaney RL (1996). Nitrogen inorganic forms. In: Spark DL, Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpoor PN, Tabatabai MA, Johnston CT, Sumner ME, editors. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3, Chemical Methods. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, pp. 1123-1184.
Orhan E, Esitken A, Ercisli S, Turan M, Sahin F (2006) Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth, and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry. Sci Hortic 111: 38-43.
Park HG (2016). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria affect soil fertility and growth environment of Camellia japonica seedlings in Saemangeum coastal reclaimed land of Korea. MSc, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
Park HG, Lee YS, Kim KY, Park YS, Park KH, Han HO, Park CM, Ahn YS (2017). Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis MH48 promotes nutrient uptake in seedlings of the ornamental plant Camellia japonica grown in Korean reclaimed coastal lands. Hortic Sci Technol 35: 11-20.
Patten CL, Glick BR (2002). Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl Environ Microb 68: 3795-3801.
Paul D, Lade H (2014). Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to improve crop growth in saline soils: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 34: 737-752.
Rengasamy P (2006). World salinization with emphasis on Australia. J Exp Bot 57: 1017-1023.
Salama RB, Otto CJ, Fitzpatrick RW (1999). Contributions of groundwater conditions to soil and water salinization. Hydrogeol J 7: 46-64.
Saleem M, Arshad M, Hussain S, Bhatti AS (2007). Perspective of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture. J Ind Microbiol Biot 34: 635-648.
Suzuki S, He Y, Oyaizu H (2003) Indole-3-acetic acid production in Pseudomonas fluorescens HP72 and its association with suppression of creeping bentgrass brown patch. Curr Microbiol 47: 138-143.
Tomic JM, Milivojevic JM, Pesakovic MI (2015). The response to bacterial inoculation is cultivar-related in strawberries. Turk J Agric For 39: 332-341.
Weber E, D’Antonio CM (1999). Germination and growth responses of hybridizing Carpobrotus species (Aizoaceae) from coastal California to soil salinity. Am J Bot 86: 1257-1263.
Williams K, Meads MV, Sauerbrey DA (1998). The roles of seedling salt tolerance and resprouting in forest zonation on the west coast of Florida, USA. Am J Bot 85: 1745-1752.
Yao L, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Kaleem I, Li C (2010). Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton. Eur J Soil Biol 46: 49-54.