Serpil Gök TANGOLAR, Saadet BÜYÜKALACA, Fuat ERGENOĞLU

High efficiency somatic embryogenesis from ımmature zygotic embryos of grapevine: the effect of genotype, media, 2,4-D, and ıncubation conditions

Özet: 41 B Amerikan asma anacı [V. vinifera L. cv. 'Chasselas' x V. berlandieri) ve Yalova İncisi üzüm çeşidinin {V. vinifera L) olgunlaşmamış zigotik embriyo eksplantları, içerisinde 0.5, 1, 2 ve 4 mg I"1 2,4-D bulunan MS, NN ve B5 besi ortamlarında, fotoperyodu 16/8 saat ışık/karanlık ve tamamen karanlık koşullarda kültüre alınmıştır. 41 B anacında en yüksek oranda somatik embriyo oluşumu karanlık koşullardaki 0.5 ve 1 mg I"1 2,4-D içeren B5 ortamlarında sırasıyla % 30 ve % 28.9 oranında saptanmıştır. Yalova İncisi zigotik embriyoları yalnız 1 mg I"1 2,4-D içeren MS ortamının fotoperyodu 16/8 saat ışık/karanlık kültürlerinde % 5; 0.5 mg I"1 2,4-D içeren NN ortamının fotoperyodu 16/8 saat ışık/karanlık ve tamamen karanlık kültürlerinde ise sırasıyla % 6.3 ve % 2.3 oranlarında somatik embriyo oluşturmuştur. Sekiz aylık kültür süresi sonunda 41 B'nin B5+1 mg I"1 2,4- D+karanlık kültürlerinde 559 adet, Yalova İncisi'nin NN+0.5 mg I"1 2,4-D+aydmlık kültürlerinde ise 912 adet embriyonun torpedo evresinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme ve tam bitkiye dönüşüm oranı hormonsuz NN ortamında kültüre alınan 41 B' den (sırasıyla % 58 ve % 75); Yalova İncisi'nde ise hormonsuz MS ortamında (sırasıyla % 77.4 ve % 45) elde edilmiştir. Rejenerasyon gösteren somatik bitkiciklerin % 91.9' u başarıyla toprağa'aktarılmıştır.

Asmada olgunlaşmamış zigotik emriyolardan yüksek oranda somatik emriyo oluşumu: genotip, besi ortamı, 2,4-D ve inkübasyon koşullarının etkisi

Abstract: Immature zygotic embryos of 41 B grape rootstock (V. vinifera L. cv. 'Chasselas' x V. berlandieri) and Yalova İncisi {V. vinifera L.) were cultured on MS, NN, and B5 media supplemented with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg I"1 2,4-D at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and complete darkness. For 41 B rootstock, the highest somatic embryo formation was obtained from dark condition on B5 media containing 0.5 and 1 mg I'1 2,4-D with the rates of 30% and 28.9%, respectively. Yalova İncisi zygotic embryos produced 5% somatic embryos only at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod of MS supplemented with 1 mg I"1 2,4-D, and also in 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and complete darkness somatic embryos were produced at the rates of 6.3% and 2.3%, respectively, in cultures of NN containing 0.5 mg I"1 2,4-D. After 8 months of culture, 559 embryos at torpedo stage were identified on B5 + 1 mg I"1 2,4-D + dark cultures of 41 B and 912 embryos at torpedo stage were identified on NN + 0.5 mg I"1 2,4-D + light cultures of Yalova İncisi. The highest germination and plantlet conversion rates were obtained from 41 B on free NN medium (58% and 75%, respectively) and from Yalova İncisi on free MS medium (77.4% and 45%, respectively). Of the regenerated somatic plantlets, 91.9% were successfully transferred to soil.

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