Harun KARCI, Meryem İPEK, Önder TÜRKMEN, Ahmet İPEK, Sali FİDAN

Genetic variation within the purple carrot population grown in Ereğli District in Turkey

Although the majority of carrots grown in Turkey and around the world are orange, the production of anthocyanin-containing purple carrots has recently increased in Turkey due to the extraction of anthocyanin from these carrots for use as a natural food colorant. Purple carrot production for this purpose is concentrated in Ereğli District in Konya Province, and open-pollinated local purple carrot cultivars or landraces have been used for this production. Genetic variation within the local purple carrot populations in this region is of interest to plant breeders worldwide for the development of new purple carrot cultivars. Therefore, in this study, genetic variation within the purple carrot population grown in Ereğli District was assessed using SSR markers. Purple carrot samples were collected by visiting 14 purple carrot growing fields in this region. A total of 20 SSR markers were used. Two SSR markers were monomorphic and the remaining 18 SSR markers amplified 106 SSR alleles. The number of polymorphic alleles per SSR marker ranged from 1 to 14. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.29 to 0.85, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.32 to 0.87. STRUCTURE analysis indicated the presence of two distinct populations within the purple carrot genotypes used in carrot production in Ereğli District. The genetic similarity of the genotypes ranged from 0.20 to 0.70. These results indicate that the genetic variation within these carrot populations in Ereğli District is high, and the purple carrot populations in this region are valuable genetic resources for the development of new purple carrot cultivars.

PDF

___

Baranski R, Maksylewicz-Kaul A, Nothnagel T, Cavagnaro PF, Simon PW, Grzebelus D (2012). Genetic diversity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars revealed by analysis of SSR loci. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59: 163-170.
Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW (1980). Construction of a genetic-linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 32: 314-331.
Cavagnaro PF, Chung SM, Manin S, Yildiz M, Ali A, Alessandro MS, Iorizzo M, Senalik DA, Simon PW (2011). Microsatellite isolation and marker development in carrot -genomic distribution, linkage mapping, genetic diversity analysis and marker transferability across Apiaceae. BMC Genomics 12: 386-405.
Dice LR (1945). Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 26: 297-302.
Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J (2005). Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14: 2611-2620.
Futterer J, Gisel A, Iglesias V, Kloti A, Kost B, Mittelsten-Scheid O, Neuhaus, G, Neuhaus-Url G, Schrott M, Shillito R, Spangenberg G, Wang ZY (1995). Standard molecular techniques for the analysis of transgenic plants. In: Potrykus I, Spangenberg G, editors. Gene Transfer to Plants. New York, NY, USA: SpringerVerlag, pp. 215-218.
Harborne JB, Williams CA (2000) Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry 55: 481-504
Hildebrand CE, Torney DC, Wagner RP (1992). Informativeness of polymorphic DNA markers. Los Alamos Sci 20: 100-102.
Maksylewicz A, Baranski R (2013). Intra-population genetic diversity of cultivated carrot (Daucus carota L.) assessed by analysis of microsatellite markers. Acta Biochim Pol 60: 753-760.
Montilla EC, Arzaba MR, Hillebrand S, Winterhalter P (2011). Anthocyanin composition of black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) cultivars antonina, beta sweet, deep purple, and purple haze. J Agric Food Chem 59: 3385- 3390.
Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Rosenberg NA, Donnelly P (2000). Association mapping in structured populations. Am J Hum Genet 67: 170-181.
Ross JA, Kasum CM (2002). Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety. Annu Rev Nutr 22: 19-34.
Schuelke M (2000). An economic method for the fluorescent labeling of PCR fragments. Nat Biotechnol 18: 233-234.
Williams CA (2000). Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry 55: 481-504.