Effects of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone on the reduction of mancozeb residues on tomatoes

In this study, the effects of widely used oxidizers (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone) on the reduction of mancozeb residues on tomatoes were investigated. Mature tomato samples grown in a greenhouse were treated with mancozeb and collected at different time intervals. Mancozeb residue levels in the samples were determined for each interval using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. A group of the samples with a residue level of approximately 3 mg kg-1 was selected for dipping solutions experiments. Selected samples were dipped into the chlorine (10 and 100 mg L-1), hydrogen peroxide (10 and 100 mg L-1), and ozone (1 and 3 mg L-1) solutions for 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. After each experiment, the residues on the samples were analyzed and percent reductions were calculated. The reductions in residual mancozeb were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by dipping into the chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone solutions as compared to water. The results show that the most effective treatment for the reduction of mancozeb residues from the tomatoes was dipping into the chlorine solution at 100 mg L-1 for 20 min.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

dipping solutions, hydrogen peroxide, mancozeb, ozone, tomato, Chlorine

Effects of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone on the reduction of mancozeb residues on tomatoes

Keywords:

dipping solutions, hydrogen peroxide, mancozeb, ozone, tomato, Chlorine,

PDF

___

Basfar AA, Mohamed KA, Al-Saqer OA (2012). De-contamination of pesticide residues in food by ionizing radiation. Radiat Phys Chem 81: 473–478.
Bonnechère A, Hanot V, Jolie R, Hendrickx M, Bragard C, Bedoret T, Van Loco J (2012). Effect of household and industrial processing on levels of five pesticide residues and two degradation products in spinach. Food Control 25: 397–406.
Cengiz MF, Certel M, Göçmen H (2006). Residue contents of DDVP (Dichlorvos) and diazinon applied on cucumbers grown in greenhouses and their reduction by duration of a pre-harvest interval and post-harvest culinary applications. Food Chem 98: 127–135.
Cengiz MF, Certel M, Karakaş B, Göçmen H (2007). Residue contents of captan and procymidone applied on tomatoes grown in greenhouses and their reduction by duration of a pre-harvest interval and post-harvest culinary applications. Food Chem 100: 1611–1619.
Certel M, Cengiz MF, Akçay M (2012). Kinetic and thermodynamic investigation of mancozeb degradation in tomato homogenate during thermal processing. J Sci Food Agric 92: 534–541.
Cesnik HB, Gregorcic A (2006). Validation of the method for the determination of dithiocarbamates and thiuram disulphide on apple, lettuce, potato, strawberry and tomato matrix. Acta Chim Slov 53: 100–104.
Chen B, Li Y, Guo Y, Zhu L, Schnoor JL (2008). Role of the extractable lipids and polymeric lipids in sorption of organic contaminants onto plant cuticles. Environ Sci Technol 42: 1517–1523.
Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Eaton AD (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20 ed. Washington, DC, USA: American Public Health Association.
Hwang ES, Cash JN, Zabik MJ (2001). Postharvest treatments for the reduction of mancozeb in fresh apples. J Agric Food Chem 49: 3127–3132.
Hwang ES, Cash JN, Zabik MJ (2003). Determination of degradation products and pathways of mancozeb and ethylenethiourea (ETU) in solutions due to ozone and chlorine dioxide treatments. J Agric Food Chem 51: 1341–1346.
Karaca H, Walse SS, Smilanick JL (2012). Effect of continuous 0.3 µL/L gaseous ozone exposure on fungicide residues on table grape berries. Postharvest Biol Tec 64: 154–159.
Kaushik G, Satya S, Naik SN (2009). Food processing a tool to pesticide residue dissipation – A review. Food Res Int 42: 26– 40.
Knio KM, Dagher S, Saad A (2000). The fate and persistence of zineb, maneb, and ethylenethiourea on fresh and processed tomatoes. Food Addit Contam 17: 393–398.
Kontou S, Tsipi D, Tzia C (2004). Kinetics of maneb degradation during thermal treatment of tomatoes. J Agric Food Chem 52: 1212–1219.
Liang Y, Wang W, Shen Y, Liu Y, Liu XJ (2012). Effects of home preparation on organophosphorus pesticide residues in raw cucumber. Food Chem 133: 636–640.
López-Fernández O, Rial-Otero R, González-Barreiro C, SimalGándara J (2012). Surveillance of fungicidal dithiocarbamate residues in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 134:366–374
López-Fernández O, Rial-Otero R, Simal-Gándara J (2013). Factors governing the removal of mancozeb residues from lettuces with washing solutions. Food Control 34: 530–538
Nadin P (2007). The Use of Plant Protection Products in The European Union. Eurostat Statistical Books. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
Pugliese P, Moltó JC, Damiani P, Marín R, Cossignani L, Mañes J (2004). Gas chromatographic evaluation of pesticide residue contents in nectarines after non-toxic washing treatments. J Chromatogr A 1050: 185–191.
Radwan MA, Abu-Elamayem MM, Shiboob MH, Abdel-Aal A (2005). Residual behaviour of profenofos on some field-grown vegetables and its removal using various washing solutions and household processing. Food Chem Toxicol 43: 553–557.
Satpathy G, Tyagi YK, Gupta RK (2011). Removal of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide residues from vegetables using washing solutions and boiling. J Agric Sci 4: 69–78.
Srivastava AK, Ali W, Singh R, Bhui K, Tyagi S, Al-Khedhairy AA, Srivastava PK, Musarrat J, Shukla Y (2012). Mancozeb-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in cultured human lymphocytes. Life Sci 90: 815–824.
WHO (1988). Dithiocarbamate pesticides, ethylenethiourea, and propylenethiourea: a general introduction. Environmental Health Criteria. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Wu J, Luan T, Lan C, Hung Lo TW, Chan GYS (2007). Removal of residual pesticides on vegetable using ozonated water. Food Control 18: 466–472.
Yang A, Park JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi JH, Oh JH, Do JA, Kwon K, Shim KH, Choi OJ, Shim JH (2012). Synergistic effect of washing and cooking on the removal of multi-classes of pesticides from various food samples. Food Control 28: 99– 105.
Zhang LZ, Wang HF, Mo HH (1991). Radiotracer study on mancozeb residues in tomato plants. Biomed Environ Sci 4: 409–414. Zhang ZY, Liu XJ, Hong XY (2007). Effects of home preparation on pesticide residues in cabbage. Food Control 18: 1484–1487.