Phenological changes in the chemical content of wild and greenhouse-grown Hypericum pruinatum: flavonoids

The present study was conducted to determine the phenological changes in the content of main flavonoids, namely amentoflavone, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, avicularin, rutin, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin in different tissues of Hypericum pruinatum, a promising medicinal herb of the Turkish flora. The wild-growing and greenhouse-grown plants were harvested at vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh fruiting, and mature fruiting stages and dissected into stem, leaf, and reproductive tissues, which were dried separately and subsequently assayed for flavonoid contents by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chemical contents in whole plants increased during plant phenology and were similar quantitatively for both wild and greenhouse-grown plants. Depending on development stages, reproductive parts produced higher amounts of rutin, quercetin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatectin, and amentoflavone; however, leaves accumulated the highest level of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and avicularin. The present results indicated a close relationship between flavonoid content in plant parts and phenological development of plants. It is suggested that the raw plant should be harvested during flowering for medicinal purposes.

Phenological changes in the chemical content of wild and greenhouse-grown Hypericum pruinatum: flavonoids

The present study was conducted to determine the phenological changes in the content of main flavonoids, namely amentoflavone, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, avicularin, rutin, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin in different tissues of Hypericum pruinatum, a promising medicinal herb of the Turkish flora. The wild-growing and greenhouse-grown plants were harvested at vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh fruiting, and mature fruiting stages and dissected into stem, leaf, and reproductive tissues, which were dried separately and subsequently assayed for flavonoid contents by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chemical contents in whole plants increased during plant phenology and were similar quantitatively for both wild and greenhouse-grown plants. Depending on development stages, reproductive parts produced higher amounts of rutin, quercetin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatectin, and amentoflavone; however, leaves accumulated the highest level of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and avicularin. The present results indicated a close relationship between flavonoid content in plant parts and phenological development of plants. It is suggested that the raw plant should be harvested during flowering for medicinal purposes.

___

  • Abreu IN, Porto ALM, Marsaioli AJ, Mazzafera P (2004). Distribution of bioactive substances from Hypericum brasiliense during plant growth. Plant Sci 167: 949–954.
  • Bagdonaite E, Martonfi P, Repcak M, Labokas J (2010). Variation in the contents of pseudohypericin and hypericin in Hypericum perforatum from Lithuania. Biochem Syst Ecol 38: 634–640.
  • Bertoli A, Çırak, C, Leonardi M, Seyis F, Pistell, L (2011). Morphogenetic changes in essential oil composition of Hypericum perforatum during the course of ontogenesis. Pharm Biol 49: 741–751.
  • Bingöl U, Coşge B, Gürbüz B (2011). Hypericum species in flora of Turkey. In: Odabaş MS, Çırak C, editors. Hypericum. Med Aromat Plant Sci Biotechnol 5 (Special Issue 1): 86–90.
  • Chu YH, Chang CL, Hsu HF (2000). Flavonoid content of several vegetables and their antioxidant activity. J Sci Food Agric 80: 561–566.
  • Ciccarelli D, Andreucci AC, Pagni AM (2001). Translucent glands and secretory canals in Hypericum perforatum, Morphological, anatomical and histochemical studies during the course of ontogenesis. Ann Bot - London 88: 637–644.
  • Çırak C, Radusiene J, Camas N, Caliskan O, Odabas MS (2013a). Changes in the contents of main secondary metabolites in two Turkish Hypericum species during plant development. Pharm Biol 51: 391–399.
  • Çırak C, Radusiene J, Janulis V, Ivanauskas L (2007a). Variation of bioactive secondary metabolites in Hypericum origanifolium during its phenological cycle. Acta Physiol Plant 29: 197–203.
  • Çırak C, Radusiene J, Janulis V, Ivanauskas L (2007b). Secondary metabolites in Hypericum perfoliatum: variation among plant parts and phenological stages. Bot Helv 117: 29–36.
  • Çırak C, Radusiene J, Janulis V, Ivanauskas L (2010). Secondary metabolites of Hypericum confertum and their possible chemotaxonomic significance. Natural Prod Commun 5: 897– 8
  • Çırak C, Radusiene J, Karpaviciene B, Camas N, Odabas MS (2013b). Changes in phenolic content of wild and greenhouse-grown Hypericum triquetrifolium during plant development. Turk J Agric Forest 37: 307–314.
  • Çırak C, Radusiene J, Sağlam B (2008). Variation of bioactive substances in Hypericum montbretii during plant growth. Nat Prod Res 22: 246–252.
  • Çırak C, Sağlam B, Ayan AK, Kevseroğlu K (2006). Morphogenetic and diurnal variation of hypericin in some Hypericum species from Turkey during the course of ontogenesis. Biochem Syst Ecol 34: 1–13.
  • Crockett SL, Robson NKB (2011). Taxonomy and chemotaxonomy of the genus Hypericum. In: Odabaş MS, Çırak C, editors. Hypericum. Med Aromat Plant Sci Biotechnol 5 (Special Issue 1): 1–13.
  • Gastpar M, Zeller K (2005). Hypericum-extrakt STW3 und Sertralin zur Behandlung der mittelschweren depression. Psychopharmakotherapie 12: 146–153 (in German).
  • Hosni K, Msaada K, Taarit MB, Marzouk B (2011). Phenological variations of secondary metabolites from Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. Biochem Syst Ecol 39: 43–50.
  • Kasper S, Caraci F, Forti B, Drago F, Aguglia E (2010). Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum extract for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Eur Neuropsychopharm 20: 74–765.
  • Kazlauskas S, Bagdonaite E (2004). Quantitative analysis of active substances in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) by the high performance liquid chromatography method. Medicina (Kaunas) 40: 975–981.
  • Kirakosyan A, Gibson D, Sirvent T (2002). Comparative survey of Hypericum perforatum plants as sources of hypericins and hyperforin. J Herbs Species Med Plants 10: 110–122.
  • Kitanov GM (2001). Hypericin and pseudohypericin in some Hypericum species. Biochem Syst Ecol 29: 171–178.
  • Lu HF, Shen ZG, Li JYH, Hu ZH (2001). The patterns of secretory structure and their relation to hypericin content in Hypericum. Acta Bot Sin 43: 1085–1088.
  • Medina MA, Martínez-Poveda B, Amores-Sánchez MI, Quesada AR (2006). Hyperforin: More than an antidepressant bioactive compound? Life Sciences 79: 105–111.
  • Nunes JM, Pinto PS, Bordignon SAL, Rech SB, von Poser GL (2010). Phenolic compounds in Hypericum species from the Trigynobrathys section. Biochem Syst Ecol 38: 224–228.
  • Radusiene J, Judzentiene A, Bernotiene G (2005). Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum L. growing in Lithuania. Biochem Syst Ecol 33: 113–124.
  • Smelcerovic A, Zuehlke S, Spiteller M, Raabe N, Özen T (2008). Phenolic constituents of 17 Hypericum species from Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 36: 316–319.
  • Zobayed SMA, Freen FA, Goto E, Kozai T (2006). Plant-environment interactions: Accumulation of hypericin in dark glands of Hypericum perforatum. Ann Bot 98: 793–804.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-011X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Development of ecoregion-based height-diameter models for 3 economically important tree species of southern Turkey

Ramazan ÖZÇELİK, Hakkı YAVUZ, Yasin KARATEPE, Nevzat GÜRLEVİK, Rüstem KIRIŞ

Effects of imazamox on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization under Mediterranean climate

Nacide KIZILDAĞ, Hüsniye SAĞLIKER, Şahin CENKSEVEN, Hüseyin Cengiz DARICI, Burak KOÇAK

Root inclusion net method: novel approach to determine fine root production and turnover in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr plantation in North China

Xiyang WANG, Lvyi MA, Zhongkui JIA, Liming JIA

Microbiological, steady, and dynamic rheological characterization of boza samples: temperature sweep tests and applicability of the Cox-Merz rule

Muhammet ARICI, Nevruz Berna ERSÖZ TATLISU, Ömer Said TOKER, Mustafa Tahsin YILMAZ

Efficient in vitro plant regeneration from immature embryos of endemic Iris sari and I. schachtii

Satı UZUN, Ali İrfan İLBAŞ, Arif İPEK, Neşet ARSLAN, Surendra BARPETE

Some machining properties of 4 wood species grown in Turkey

Sait Dündar SOFUOĞLU, Ahmet KURTOĞLU

Hygienic condition of maize silage (Zea mays L.) depending on cutting height and ensiling additive

Grazyna SZYMANSKA, Hanna SULEWSKA, Marek SELWET

Effects of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone on the reduction of mancozeb residues on tomatoes

Mehmet Fatih CENGİZ, Muharrem CERTEL

Genetic relationships of some Citrus genotypes based on the candidate iron chlorosis genes

Yıldız AKA KAÇAR, Özhan ŞİMŞEK, Dicle DÖNMEZ, Melda BONCUK, Turgut YEŞİLOĞLU, Patrick OLLITRAULT

Phenological changes in the chemical content of wild and greenhouse-grown Hypericum pruinatum: flavonoids

Cüneyt ÇIRAK, Jolita RADUSIENE, Liudas IVANAUSKAS, Valdas JAKSTAS, Necdet ÇAMAŞ