Ahmed Karahan, MEHMET ALİ KUTLU, İSMAİL KARACA

Thiacloprid’in, Anadolu Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) ve Kafkas Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera causica)’nın Yaşam Sürelerine Etkileri

Son yıllarda tarımsal alanlarda, orman ve bahçelerde hastalık ve zararlılara karşı kullanılan pestisitlerin arılara verdiği zararlar gündeme geldikçe üreticiler ilaç tercihlerini arılara zarar vermeyen ilaçlar yönünde kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Thiacloprid, neonikotinoid bileşenler sınıfına ait dünya çapında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir pestisittir. Bu amaçla çalışmamızda thiacloprid etken maddeli insektisitin ülkemizde yaygın olarak bulunan Anadolu bal arısı (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) ve Kafkas arısının (Apis mellifera causica) yaşam süreleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ele alınan insektisitin etiket dozu (40 ml/100 L su) ve bu dozdan %50 oranında seyreltilerek hazırlanan altı ayrı dozu ve kontrol grubu için su arılara püskürtülerek etkileri belirlenmiştir. Uygulama yapıldıktan sonra 12 saat aralıklarla denemeler kontrol edilmiş ve thiacloprid uygulanan arıların kontrol grubuna göre yaşam sürelerinde meydana gelen değişiklikler belirlenmiştir. En yüksek dozda insektisit uygulanan arıların tamamı 12 saat içinde ölürken kontrol grubu Anadolu arıları ortalama 16 gün, Kafkas arıları ortalama 15 gün yaşamıştır. Pestisit uygulanan arıların ortalama yaşam süresi Anadolu ve Kafkas bal arısında sırası ile 6 ve 5 gündür. Doz yaşam süresi arasındaki ilişki (Anadolu Arısında R² = 0.9745, Kafkas arısında R² = 0,9439) oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubu arılar pestisit püskürtülen arılara göre daha fazla yaşamışlardır. Kontrol grubuna göre ise pestisit uygulanan arıların yaşam sürelerindeki düşme oranı Anadolu arısında %62.70 Kafkas arısında %64.10 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Apis mellifera anatoliaca, Apis mellifera causica, thiacloprid, arı ölümleri.

Effects of Thiacloprid on the Life Span of Anatolian Honeybee (Apis mellifera anatoliaaca) and Caucasian Honeybee (Apis mellifera causica)

As the harm caused by pesticides in recent years has come up, conscious people prefer to use medicines that do not harm the pest. Thiacloprid active agricultural warfare agent from the Neonicotinoid group, which is one of the preferred pesticides for this purpose and has an increasing market size, was examined in this study, and its effect on the length of life of Anatolian honeybee (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) and Caucasian bee (Apis mellifera causica) was examined. In the study, the label dose of the pesticide (40 ml/100-L-water) and 6 separate dose prepared by diluting 50 % of the label dose were sprayed on the bees and their life span was monitored.. Only water is sprayed onto the control bees. Spray results were monitored every 12 hours and followed up to the day of death. The bees were fed with 2M sugared water and normal water during the time they lived. The change of the length of life of the control bees compared to the bees that were exposed to drugs with this method was identified. At the end of the study, all bees that received the highest dose dies within 12 hours while in the control group, the average was 16 days in Anatolian bees and 15 days in Caucasian bees. The average life span of bees sprayed with pesticide is 6 days in average Anatolia and 5 days in Caucasus. The relationship between dose and the length of life was pretty high (In Anatolian Bee R²=0.9745, In Caucasian Bee R²=0,9439). The decay rate in the length of bees that received all pesticide doses were found %62,70 in Anatolian bees and %64.10 in Caucasian bee compared to control group.

Keywords:

Apis mellifera anatoliaca, Apis mellifera causica, thiacloprid, honey bee deaths.,

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