Göynük Nehri (Bingöl) Teraslarında Oluşan Toprakların Sınıflandırılması ve Fiziko-Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Topraklar topoğrafik faktörler, tarımsal uygulamalar ve iklim özellikleri nedeniyle sürekli değişim gösterirler. Oluşum süreci içerisinde topraklar, maruz kaldıkları faktörler etkisiyle farklı karakteristik özelliklere sahip olurlar. Bu çalışmada Bingöl-Göynük nehri kenarında oluşmuş üç adet terasın morfolojik, fiziksel, kimyasal ve hidrolik özellikleri belirlenmiş ve Toprak Taxonomisine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında teraslarda açılan toprak profilleri incelenmiş ve horizon esasına göre örnekleme yapılmıştır. Nehir yatağındaki birinci teras toprakları alüvyal depozitlerin oluşturduğu materyallerden meydana gelmiştir. Araştırma alanındaki ikinci ve üçüncü teraslar üzerindeki topraklar ise strüktür gelişiminin meydana geldiği ileri düzeyde horizon gelişiminin oluştuğu topraklardır. Toprak nem rejiminin xeric ve sıcaklık rejiminin mesic olduğu alanda iklimin toprak oluşumu ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. En belirgin toprak oluşum işlemi ikinci terasta belirlenen karbonat birikimi olmuştur. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda incelenen üç toprak profili Toprak Taksonomisine göre Entisol ve Vertisol ordolarında sınıflandırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Toprak özellikleri, teraslar, toprak profili, sınıflandırma.

The Classification of Soils Formed Over Göynük River (Bingöl) Terraces and Determination of Their Physico-Chemical Propertiesa

Soils are constantly changing due to topographical factors, agricultural practices and climate characteristics. Along with the formation processes, soils generally have different characteristics due to the impacts of the factors they are exposed to. This study determined the physical, chemical and hydraulic characteristics of three terraces formed by the Bingöl-Göynük River and the terrace soils were classified according to Soil Taxonomy. Soil profiles were excavated on each terrace, and horizon-based sampling was performed. The 1st terrace over the river bed was composed of alluvial deposits. The 2nd and 3rd terrace soils had structural development and advanced horizon development. The soil moisture regime was xeric, the temperature regime was mesic, and the climate was related to soil formation. The most distinctive soil formation process was identified as carbonate accumulation in the 2nd terrace. According to Soil Taxonomy, all three soil profiles were classified within Entisol and Vertisol orders.

Keywords:

Soil properties, terraces, soil profile, classification.,

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