Farklı Tuz Uygulamalarının Makarnalık (Triticum durum L.) Buğdayda Kadmiyum ve Çinko Alımı Üzerine Etkisi

Değişik kaynaklardan topraklara ulaşan ve önemli bir çevre kirletici olan kadmiyum (Cd), bitki, hayvan ve insanların beslenmesinde mutlak gerekli bir element değildir. Kadmiyum, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunduğunda, bitki, hayvan ve insanlara toksik etkisi olan bir elementtir. Bitkilerde Cd birikimini etkileyen önemli faktörlerden birisi toprakların tuzluluk durumudur. Bu araştırmada, değişik tuzların bitkilerde Cd birikimini nasıl etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Toprağa artan oranda NaCl, Na2SO4 ve CaCl2 uygulandığında bitkilerin yalnızca Clformundaki tuzlarda ve özellikle NaCl ile Cd biriktirme kapasitesinde artışların olduğu saptanmıştır. Artan miktarlarda uygulanan değişik (NaCl, Na2SO4 ve CaCl2) tuzlardan NaCl tuzunun yeşil aksam Cd konsantrasyonunda çarpıcı biçimde artış oluşturduğu bulunmuştur. Değişik tuzların Cd alımı üzerine etkilerinin kıyaslanmasıyla Cltuzunun uygulandığı koşullarda, yeşil aksam Cd konsantrasyonu SO4 -2 tuzu uygulanan bitkilere göre daha yüksek olmuştur. Tuzun NaCl ve CaCl2 formlarında uygulanması durumunda da bitkilerin Cd konsantrasyonu farklı şekilde etkilenmiştir. Klorürün Cd konsantrasyonu üzerindeki arttırıcı etkisi kendisini daha çok Na formunda uygulandığında göstermiştir. Kalsiyum varlığında Cl’nın Cd alımı üzerinde Na iyonuna göre daha az arttırıcı etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, artan Cd ve farklı tuzların uygulanmasıyla yeşil aksam kuru madde verimini azalttığı ve bitki bünyesinde daha fazla Cd’yi biriktirdiği belirlenmiştir.

Effect of Different Salt Treatments on Cadmium and Zinc Uptake in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum L.)

Cadmium (Cd), an important environmental polluter reaching into soils from different sources, is not an essential element in animal and human nutrition. Cadmium, when present in high concentrations, is an element with toxic effect to humans, animals and plants. One of the important factors affecting Cd accumulation in plants is salinity status of the soils. In this study, it was determined how different salts effected Cd accumulation in plants. When increasing rates of NaCl, Na2SO4 and CaCl2 applied into the soil, it was determined that Cd accumulation capacity of the plants increased only with the forms of Cl-1 salts, particularly with NaCl. It was found that, among different salts applied with increasing ratios (NaCl, Na2SO4 ve CaCl2), NaCl salt remarkably increased green part Cd concentration. With comparing the effects of different salts on Cd uptake, green part Cd concentration in the Cl-1 salt applied condition was higher than those of the plants treated with SO4 -2 salt. The Cd concentration of the plants was affected differently when the salt was applied as NaCl and CaCl2 forms. The increasing effect of chlorine on Cd concentration mostly occurred when it was applied as Na form. With the present of calcium, the increasing effect of Cl on Cd uptake was less comparing to Na ion. In conclusion, the application of Cd and different salts with increasing rates decreased dry matter yield of green part but increased Cd accumulation by plant.

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