Cafer TÜRKMEN, Nurdan ÖZKAN, Yusuf ÖZÇELİK, Damla ÖZÇELİK, Osman TİRYAKİ

Effects of Pesticides (Chlorpyrifos, Glyphosate) Applied to Soil on Earthworm Behaviors and Some Soil Biological Parameters

Pesticides are directly applied to soils or plants to improve yields. A significant portion of pesticides applied to plants also passes to soils. The number of works investigating the effects of pesticides on earthworms is quite limited. In this study, two doses of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate pesticides (recommended and doubleof recommended dose) were incorporated into the soil and served for the preference of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in 2D (2-dimensions) terrarium. Changes in gallery areas, microorganism counts, catalase and urease enzyme activities were investigated. While the differences in gallery areas of untreated soil in both sides of 2D terrariums were not significant (p>0.05), the differences in gallery areas of chlorpyrifos-treated and untreated soils were significant (p=0.0298). Gallery areas at double dose of chlorpyrifos were greater than the control treatment (p=0.0323). The effects of glyphosate treatments on gallery areas were also insignificant (p>0.05). Increases were observed in microorganism counts with the recommended dose of chlorpyrifos (p=0.0074), but the differences were not significant at the double dose of chlorpyrifos. The double dose of glyphosate treatments significantly decreased microorganism counts (p=0.0273). While the double dose of chlorpyrifos significantly increased catalase enzyme activity (p=0.0041), the effects of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate treatments on urease enzyme activities were not significant (p>0.05). Here we demostrated that such as a method can also be used in soil quality, soil pollution, soil fertility and soil ecology studies which have gained a great significance for sustainable environment and agriculture.

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