Netcho NANKOV, Margarita NANKOVA, Genoveva BANKOVAATANASOVA

Agronomic Effect and Economic Efficiency of Long-Term Mineral Fertilization with Optimal Norm of Nitrogen Fertilization with Different PK Norms and Ratios on Wheat Productivity

Anahtar Kelimeler:

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Agronomic Effect and Economic Efficiency of Long-Term Mineral Fertilization with Optimal Norm of Nitrogen Fertilization with Different PK Norms and Ratios on Wheat Productivity

A stationary field trial (Haplic Chernozems) initiated in 1967 with a two-field crop rotation of wheat and maize investigated the economic efficiency of continuous nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization with different norms and ratios on wheat production. Variety Dragana was tested in this trial; it was grown with combining 4 nitrogen and phosphorus norms – 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 and three potassium norms – 0, 60 and 120 kg ha-1. The investigation encompassed the period 2010– 2013. The meteorological conditions during the years of wheat growing had a strong effect on the economic efficiency of mineral fertilization with macro elements, regardless of the norms and ratios between them. During years unfavorable for wheat production there was a market positive role of continuous NPK fertilization at ratios 1:1:0; 1:1:1 and 1:1.5:1. Total income was directly dependent on the obtained agronomic effect and the realization price of the ready produce. According to the type of the fertilization variant during the years of investigation, it varied from 1441.4 BGN ha-1 (2011) to 3620.8 BGN ha-1 (2013). As a result from the long application of mineral fertilizers at different norms and ratios between the macro elements based on the production potential of variety Dragana for the period 2010 – 20013 it was established that under the conditions of slightly leached chernozem fertilization with N12P6K6 was economically most advisable. It ensured higher mean profit even in comparison to independent application of nitrogen (120 kg ha-1). During all years of investigation a return of 1 BGN of direct expenses for buying of fertilizers was established. Averaged for the period these expenses were highest for the combinations between the macro elements from the nitrogen norm 120 kg/ha and reached a mean value of 3.43 BGN income per 1 BGN investment for fertilizers in systematic fertilization with N120P60K60. Averaged for the period, the economic analysis was in favor of the independent nitrogen fertilization regardless of the size of the fertilization norm and the noticed tendencies. In this case, however, we are considering the economic evaluation of an open and highly dynamic system which includes two biological components: soil and plant, which are strongly affected by the meteorological conditions and market price of the produce, without accounting for grain quality. When considering the negative effect of independent nitrogen fertilization on soil fertility, the economically more profitable application of independent nitrogen fertilization should give way to the most suitable norms and ratios between the main macro elements. Averaged for the period, regardless of the market character of buying prices even at the high fertilization norms, high rentability was registered - from 9.13 % (N120P180K120) to 68.01 % (N120P60K60)

Keywords:

Wheat, Fertilization with different NPK norms and ratios Economic analysis,

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