Hanine H, Zinelabidine L.H, Hssaini H, Nablousi A, Ennahli S, Latrache H, Zahir H

Pomological and biochemical characterization of almond cultivars in Morocco

Anahtar Kelimeler:

-

Pomological and biochemical characterization of almond cultivars in Morocco

Commercial and local (PrunusDulsus L.) cultivars vary considerably in their fruit and kernel characteristics. In the present study, fruit and kernel traits and kernel biochemical composition of 14 almond cultivars grown in Morocco, were examined.Results showed significant differences exist among all genotypes across a number of morphological traits and bioactives properties. The imported cultivars generally showed improved physical traits, such as larger fruit and kernels and. However, the Moroccan cultivars such as Rhizlane-1 and “Rhizlane-2had a higher phenolic content (59 and 54 mg/g-1 DW), had a polyphenol content in kernel skin than all imported cultivars. Rhizlane-1 showed some advantages such higher antioxidant capacity (73%), very low radical scavenging capacity (IC50= 2mg/ml). Biochemical analysis revealed that local cultivars present a potential sources for qualitative traits in breeding programs

Keywords:

Almond, antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging capacity polyphenol,

PDF

___

Abdallah, A., Ahumada, M.H., Gradziel, T.M., 1998. Oil content and fatty acid composition of almond kernels from different genotypes and California production regions. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 123:1029–1033.
AOAC., 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
AOCS., 1998. Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (5th ed.). Champaign: AOCS Press.
Amarowicz, R., Troszynska, A., Barylko-Pikielna, N., et al,. 2004. Polyphenolics extracts from legume seeds: correlationbetween total antioxidant activity, total phenolics content andastringency. Food Lipids, 11: 278-286.
Barreira, J. C. M., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., Pereira, J. A,. 2008. Antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of ten Portuguese almond cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46: 2230–2235. commercial
Barbeau, G., Elbouami, A., 1980. Prospections ‘Amandier’ dans le sud marocain. Fruits, 35: 39–50.
Bolling, B. W., Dolnikowski, G., Blumberg, J. B., Chen, C.-Y. O., 2009. Quantification of almond chromatography–mass Journal of Food Science, C326–C332. doi:10.1111/j.1750- 3841.2009.01133.
Chen, C. Y., Lapsley, K., Blumberg, J,. 2006. A nutrition and health perspective on almonds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86: 2245–2250.
Calixto, F.S., Bauza, M., de Toda, F.M., and Argamenteria, A,. 1981. Amino acids, sugars, and inorganic elements in the sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus). J. Agric. Food Chem, 29:509-511.
Cassady, B.A., Hollis, J.H., Fulford, A.D., Considine, R.V., Mattes, R.D,. 2009. Mastication of almonds: effects of lipid bioaccessibility, appetite, and hormone response. Am J. ClinNutr, 89: 794–800.
Čolić. S., Rakonjac, V., Zec, G., Nikolić, D., Fotirić, M. Akšić., 2012 . Morphological And Biochemical Evaluation Of Selected Almond [Prunus Dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] Genotypes In Northern Serbia, Turk J Agric For, 36 : 429-438. Dicenta.F, García, J.E., 1993. Phenotypical Correlations Among Some Traits In Almond. J Genet. Breed. 46: 241–246.
Davis, P. A., Iwashashi, C. K., 2001. Whole almonds and almondfractions reduce aberrant crypt foci in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett, 165: 27–33.
De Giorgio, D ., Polignano, G.B., 2001. Evaluating the biodiversity of almond cultivars from germplasm collection field in Southern Italy. Sustaining the Global Farm, 56: 305-311.
Esfahlan, A.J., Jamei, R., 2012. Properties of biological activity of ten wild almond (Prunusamygdalus L.) species. Turk J Biol. 36:201–209.
Fathi, A., Ghareyazi, B., Haghnazari, A., Ghaffari, M.R., Pirseyedi, S.M., Kadkhodaei, S., Naghavi, M.R., Mardi, M. 2008. Assessment of the genetic diversity of almond (Prunusdulcis) using microsatellite markers and morphological traits. Iran J Biotech, 6: 98-106.
Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Baptista, P., Vilas-Boas, M., et al., 2007. Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal. Food Chem, 100: 1511-1516.
Garrido, I., Monagas, M., Gomez-Cordoves, C., Bartolomé, B., 2008. Polyphenols and antioxidant properties of almond skins: Influence of industrial processing. Journal of Food Science, 73: C106–C115.
Gulcan, R., (Ed.), 1985. Descriptor list for almond (Prunus International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome. , Revised ed.
Hyson, D., Schneeman, B. O., Davis, P. A., 2002. Almonds and almond oil have similar effects on plasma lipids and LDL oxidation in healthy men and women. Journal of Nutrition, 132: 703–707.
Jia, Z., Tang, M., Wu, J., 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem, 64: 555–559
Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K. H., Elmadfa, I., 2006. Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chemistry, 98: 381–387.
Kester, D.E., Hansche P.E., Beres W., Asay, R.N., 1977. Variance Components And Diversity, Oil Quality and the Origin, Journal of
Kodad, O., Socias i Company Prats, M. S., López- Ortiz, M. C., 2006. Variability in tocopherol concentrations in almond oil and its use as a selection criterion in almond breeding. Journal Biotechnology, 81: 501–507. Science &
Ledbetter, C.A., 2008 . Shell Cracking Strength In Almond (Prunusdulcis[Mill.] D.A. Webb) And Its Implication In Uses As A Value-Added Product . Bioresource Technol, 99: 5567- 5573.
Lansari, A., Iezzoni F., Kester, D. E., 1664. Morphological Variation within Collections of Mediterranean and North American Culti- vars. Euphytica, 78: 27-41. Clones and
Laghezali, M., 1985. L’amandier au Maroc. Options Méditerranéennes 85 (I), 91–95 (Edition IAMZ). X., Liyang, Bradley, W. Characterisation of stilbenes in California almonds (Prunusdulcis) by UHPLC–MS., Food Chemistry, 148: 300–306. 2014.
Martínez-Gómez, P., 2012. Comparison Of The Use Of Morphological Protein And Dna Markers In The Genetic Characterization Of Iranian Wild Prunusspecies. Scihortic, 116: 80-88.
Martínez-Gómez, P., Sánchez-Pérez, R., Dicenta, F., Howad, W., Arşs, P.,Gradziel, T.M., 2007. Almond. In: Kole, C. (Ed.), Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants: Fruits & Nuts, 4. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 229–242.
Martínez-Gómez, P., Arulsekar, S., Potter, D., Gradziel, T.M., interspecific gene pool available to peach and almond breeding as characterized using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Euphytica 131: 313-322. An extended
Moayedi, K., Rezaei, K., Moini, S., Keshavarz, B., 2010. Chemical Compositions of Oils from Several Wild Almond Species.J.Am. Oil Chemist Soc.DOI10.1007/s11746-010-1701.
Monagas, M., Garrido, I., Lebron-Aguilar, R., Bartolome, B., Gomez-Cordoves, C., 2007. Almond [(Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] skins as a potential source of bioactive polyphenols. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 55: 8498–8507
Oukabli, A., Mamouni, A., Mekkaoui, A., 2006– 2007. Rapports amandiers » effectuées dans les régions de Marrakech-Azilal et au Sud marocain. Documents internes INRA prospections «
Oukabli, A., Mamouni, A., Laghezali, M., Oufquir, M., Quennou, M., Amahrach, M., Lahlou, M., Allabou, M., Mekkaoui, A., Ibrahimi, A., 2008. Evaluation des performances de 102 variétés d’amandier en culture pluviale sous climat aride. Alawamia, 120: 97-116.
Sanders,T.H., Michael, M.c., Hendrix, R. W., 2000, Occurrence of resveratrol in edible peanuts, Journal of agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48: 1243-1246.
Sánchez-Pérez, R., Howad, W., Dicenta, F., Arşs, P., Martínez-Gómez, P., 2007. Mapping major genes and quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic Breed 126: 310–318 almond. Plant
Sang, S., Lapsley, K., Woo-Sik, J., Lachance, P., Chi- Tang, H., Rosen, R.T., 2002. Antioxidative Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Almond Skins (PrunusamygdalusBatsch). J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 : 2459 -2463.
Saura-Calixto, F., Serrano, J., Goñi, I., 2007. Intake and bioaccessibility of total polyphenols in a whole diet. Food Chemistry, 101: 492-501
Singleton, V. L., Rossi, J. A., 1965.Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic– phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144– 158
Sociasi Company, R., Kodad, O., Alonso, J.M., Gradziel, T.M., 2008. Almond quality: abreeding perspective. Hortic Rev, 34:197– 238.
Sociasi Company, R., Kodad, O., Alonso, J.M., Font iForcada, C., 2010. Fruit quality inalmond: chemical aspects for breeding strategies. Options MéditerrSer A, 94:235–243
Sorkheh, K., Shiran, B., Gradzeil, T.M., Epperson, P., Martı´nez-Go´mez, P., Asadi, E., 2007. Amplified fragment length polymorphism as a tool for molecular characterization of almond germplasm: genetic diversity among genotypes and related wild species of almond, agronomic traits. Euphytica 156: 327–344. with
Sorkheh, K., B. Shiran, M., Khodambashi, H., Moradi, T.M., Gradziel, P., Martínez-Gómez, 2010. Correlations Between Quantitative Tree And Fruit Almond Traits And Their Implications For Breeding. Scihortic, 125: 323-331.
Spiegel-Roy, P., Kochba, J., 1981. Inheritance of nut and kernel traits in almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). Euphytica, 30: 167–174.
Siriwardhana, S. K. W., Amarowicz, R., Shahidi, F., 2006. Antioxidant activity of almonds and their by-products in food model systems. Journal of American Oil Chemistry Society, 83: 223–230.
Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza, G,. Gao, L,. et al. 1998. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J Agric Food Chem 46: 4113-4117.
Wijeratne, S. S. K., Abouzaid, M. M., Shahidi, F., 2006. Antioxidant polyphenols in almond and its coproducts.Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 54: 312–318
Zeinalabedini, M., Majourhat, K., Khayam-Nekoui, M., Grigorian, V., Torchi, M., Dicenta, F., Martínez-Gómez, P., 2008. Comparison of the use of morphological protein and DNA markers in the genetic characterization of Iranian wild Prunusspecies. SciHortic 116: 80-88
Zeinalabedini, M., Majourhat, K., Khayam-Nekoui, M., Grigorian, V., Torchi, M., Dicenta, F., Martínez-Gómez, P., 2012. Comparison Of The Use Of Morphological Protein And Dna Markers In The Genetic Characterization Of Iranian Wild Prunus species. Scihortic, 116: 80-88.