Zeytin Posasının Ruminantlar İçin Besin ve Besleme Değeri

Bu çalışmada zeytin posasının (ZP) besin ve besleme değerini etkileyen faktörler incelenmiş ve posanın ruminant beslemede kullanımına yönelik bazı öneriler getirilmiştir. Genel olarak birçok faktörce etkilense de ham ZPnin ruminantların yaşama payı besin madde ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek besin değerine sahip olduğu değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak ZPnin muhafazası için yapılacak maliyetler (kurutma, silolama, nakliye gibi) göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, posanın çekirdeklerinden elendikten sonra kullanımının daha ekonomik olacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Çekirdeklerinden eleme ile ZPnin ham protein, ham yağ, NDF, lignin ve lif olmayan karbonhidrat içeriğinin sırasıyla, 75 (56-93), 126 (68-184), 571 (443-700), 222 (174-269) ve 141 (55-227) g/kg kuru madde (KM) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değerler elenmiş ZPnin (EZP) önemli bir yem kaynağı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca kaliteli ve yüksek yağ içeriği, ZPyi diğer yem kaynaklarından ayıran önemli bir özellik olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve posayı özel bir yem kaynağına dönüştürmektedir. Ayrıca 2 fazlı sistemlerden üretilen EZPnin içerdiği antioksidan etkili fenolik bileşiklerde besin değerini artırmaktadır. Elenmiş ZPde yüksek lif içerse de alkali özellikte katkı maddeleri ile rumen parçalanabilirlik ve in-vivo sindirilebilirlik değerleri büyük ölçüde yükselmektedir. Bu nedenle katkı maddeleri ile muameleye olanak sağladığı için EZPnin kurutma yerine silolanarak değerlendirilmesi daha avantajlı olmaktadır. Elenmiş ZPden yağ alımı posanın besin değerini düşürse de yapılan çalışmalar yağı alınmış EZPnin de ekonomik bir yem kaynağı olduğunu göstermektedir. Besi kuzuları ile yapılan çalışmalar EZPnin rasyon KMsinin %20sine kadar katılabileceğini göstermektedir. Süt hayvanları ile yapılan çalışmalar ise EZPnin rasyona 15-20 g/kg KM yağ temin edecek şekilde rasyon KMsinin %10-20 düzeyinde ilavesi ile süt yağı ve süt kalitesinde önemli iyileşmeler sağlanabileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak ZPnin çekirdeklerinden elenmesi, posayı önemli bir yem kaynağına dönüştürmekte, EZP kullanımı ile yem maliyetlerinde azalma, hayvan performansında ve hayvansal ürünlerin kalitesinde artışlar sağlanabilmektedir. Bununla beraber, ZPnin besin değeri birçok faktör tarafından etkilendiği için, ZPnin besin madde içeriğinin tespit edilerek rasyona katılacak miktarının belirlenmesi gerektiği değerlendirilebilir.

The Nutritive and Feeding Value of Olive Cake for Ruminants

The factor affecting nutritive and feeding value of olive cake (OC) was evaluated and, some suggestion was made regarding using olive cake in ruminant nutrition. It is evaluated that the nutritive value of OC can be able to support maintenance requirement of ruminant, although its nutritive value is affected by different factors. However, when taking into consideration of expense needed for preservation of OC, it is wise to use OC in nutrition after de-stoning. The crude protein, ether extract, NDF, lignin and non-fiber carbohydrates content of partly de-stoned OC (POC) was determined as 75 (56-93), 126 (68-184), 571 (443-700), 222 (174-269) and 141 (55-227) g/kg dry matter (DM). These values show that POC is a valuable source of ruminant feed. Besides, high and quality ether extract content of OC separates it from other feed and made it a special feed. Treatment with alkali increases the degradability and in vivo digestibility parameters of OC. Therefore, ensiling allowing the treatment with additives is best option to preservation of OC. Even, additional extraction of oil from POC decreases its nutritive value; studies showed that POC after additional oil extraction has still favorable nutritive value. Studies showed no adverse effect when POC substitute 20% of ration of feedlot lamb. For dairy animal, it is evaluated using POC to provide 15-20 g/kg DM oil when it substitute of 10-20% of total ration allow to produce more milk with increased fat and quality. In conclusion, de-stoning process turns OC to a valuable feed source, allows reduce feed cost, and increase animal performance and product quality. However, because nutritive value of OC affecting from very different factors, it can be propose analyze its nutritive value before using it in ruminant nutrition.

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