Türkiye’de Bal Verimi ve Çevresel Kirleticiler Arasındaki İlişki

Son yıllarda, çevre kirliliği, iklim değişikliği ve aşırı doğal kaynak kullanımı sonucu ekosistemde sorunlar ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bal arıları bu çevresel kirlilikten en çok etkilenen canlılar arasındadır. İklim değişikliği ve çevresel kirleticiler koloni gelişimindeki düzensizliklere, zayıf kolonilerin oluşmasına, hastalıkların yaygınlaşmasına, tarlacı arıların kovanına geri dönememesine ve onların ölümlerine ve verim düşüklüğüne neden olmaktadır. Türkiye Dünya’da bal üretiminde Çin’den sonra ikinci sıradadır. Bal Türkiye için stratejik bir üründür. Bu çalışmada bazı çevresel kirleticilerin Türkiye’deki bal verimine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Zaman serisi analizi kullanılan bu araştırma 1990–2017 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada bağımlı değişken olarak bal verimi, bağımsız değişkenler olarak; metan (CH4), karbondioksit (CO2), diazot oksit (N2O) salınımı, pestisit, insektisit, fungusit, herbisit kullanımı ve sanayi üretim indeksi kullanılmıştır. ADF Birim Kök testi ile serilerin durağanlığı test edildikten sonra değişkenler arasındaki ilişkisi Johansen eşbütünleşme analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bal verimi üzerinde çevresel kirleticilerin etkisi FMOLS analiz yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre %1 CH4, CO2, N2O ve pestisit kullanımının artması sonucunda bal veriminin sırasıyla; %0,70; %0,74; %0,37 ve %0,36 azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan, %1 insektisit, fungusit, herbisit kullanımı ve sanayi üretim indeksinin artması sonucunda bal veriminin sırasıyla, %0,15; %0,14; %0,09 ve %0,84 arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

The Relationship between Honey Yield and Environmental Pollutants in Turkey

In recent years, environmental pollution, climate change and excessive use of natural resources have caused problems in the ecosystem. Honey bees are among the most affected by this environmental pollution. Climate change and environmental pollutants cause irregularities in colony development, the formation of weak colonies, the spread of diseases, the inability to return to the hive of field bees, and their mortality and low productivity. Turkey ranks second after China in the production of honey in the world. Honey is a strategic product for Turkey. This study investigated the effect of some environmental pollutants on honey yield in Turkey. This study used the time series analysis covers the years 1990-2017. In the research, honey yield as dependent variable, as independent variables; methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), diazot oxide (N2O) release, pesticide, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide use and industrial production index were used. After the stationary of the series was tested with ADF Unit Root test, the relationship between the variables was examined by Johansen Cointegration analysis. The effect of environmental pollutants on honey yield was tested by the FMOLS analysis method. According to the FMOLS results, the increase of 1% pesticide use, CH4, CO2, and N2O resulted in a decrease in honey yield of 0.36%, 0.70%, 0.74%, and 0.37% respectively. On the other hand, the increase of 1% insecticide, fungicide, herbicide use and industrial production index caused 0.15%, 0.14%, 0.09% and 0.84% increase in honey yield, respectively.

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