Tortum Gölü Yüzey Sedimentlerindeki Metal Birikiminin Ekolojik İndeksler Yolu ile Kapsamlı Risk Değerlendirmesi

Bu çalışmada Tortum Gölü yüzey sedimentindeki bazı ağır metallerin birikiminden kaynaklanan ekolojik riskler zenginleşme faktörü (EF), kontaminasyon faktörü (CF), kirlilik yük indeksi (PLI), potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (PER) ve ortalama muhtemel etki konsantrasyonu oranı (mPEC-Q) indeksi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sediment örnekleri altı istasyondan Van Veen Grap kullanılarak toplanmış ve sedimentin ağır metal ve organik karbon içeriği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre sedimentte düşük-orta düzeyli kontaminasyon belirlenmiştir. En yüksek EF değeri bölgede kullanılan fosil yakıt kullanımından kaynaklı olduğu düşünülen Cd 'ye aittir. PLI ve PER değerleri gölde ağır metallere bağlı düşük ekolojik risk işaret ederken, mPEC-Q değerleri Gölü %15-29 risk ile düşük-orta öncelikli alan olarak değerlendirmektedir.

Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment of Lake Tortum Based on Ecological Indices

In this study, ecological risks arising from the accumulation of some heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Tortum are discussed based on the use of ecological indices, such as enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PER) and the mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q). Sediment samples were collected from six different sites using Van Veen grab and heavy metal and organic carbon content of sediments were determined. Results testify to the existence of minimal to moderate contamination in lake sediment. The highest value for the enrichment factor pertains to Cd caused by the use of fossil fuels in settlement areas in the lake catchment. PLI and PER estimations, on the other hand, reveals the presence of low heavy metals-induced ecological risk in lake sediments. Ranging between 15% and 29%, mPEC-Q values are indicative of the fact that Lake Tortum is a low-moderate priority site in terms of toxicity level caused by heavy metals.

PDF

___

Acevedo-Figueroa D, Jime´nez BD, Rodrı´guez-Sierra CJ. 2006. Trace metals in sediments of two estuarine lagoons from Puerto Rico. Environmental Pollution, 141: 336-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.037.
Altındağ A, Yiğit S. 2005. Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in the food web of lake Beysşehir, Turkey. Chemosphere 60: 552-556. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2005.01.009.
Anonim. 2016. Tortum gölü'nün paleoiklimsel proksiler açısından incelenmesi. Ardahan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü. Proje raporu.
Arslan N, Tokatlı C, Çiçek A, Köse E. 2011. Yedigöller (Kütahya) bölgesinde su ve sediment örneklerinde bazı metal seviyelerinin belirlenmesi. Review of Hydrobiology, 4,1: 17-28.
Atalay İ. 1988. "The Geography of Lake Tortum District (Northeastern Anatolia)". Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 4: 19-40.
Benzer S, Arslan H, Uzel N, Gül A, Yılmaz M. 2013. Concentrations of metals in water, sediment and tissues of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12(1): 45-55.
Bing H, Wu Y, Liu E, Yang X. 2013. Assessment of heavy metal enrichment and its human impact in lacustrine sediments from four lakes in the mid-low reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences , 25(7) :1300-1309. DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60195-8.
Cheng H, Li M, Zhao C, Yang K, Li K, Peng M, Yang Z, Liu F, Liu Y, Bai R, Cui Y, Huang Z, Li L, Liao Q, Luo J, Jia S, Pang X, Yang J, Yin G. 2015. Concentrations of toxic metals and ecological risk assessment for sediments of major freshwater lakes in China. J. Geochem. Explor., 157: 15-26. DOİ: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.05.010.
Çevik F, Göksu MZL, Derici OB, Fındık Ö. 2009. An assessment of metal pollution in surface sediments of Seyhan dam by using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and statistical analyses. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152: 309-317.
Gaudette HE, Flight WR, Toner L, Folger W. 1974. An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 44: 249-253.
Hakanson L. 1980. Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, a sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14: 975-1001. DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
Hou D, He J, Lü C, Ren L, Fan Q, Wang J, Xie Z. 2013. Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd) in water and sediments from Lake Dalinouer, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 93: 135-144. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv. 2013.03.012.
Karadede H, Ünlü E. 2000. Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Chemosphere, 41: 1371- 1376. DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00563-9.
Kır İ, Tekin Özan S, Tuncay Y. 2007. Kovada Gölü'nün Su ve Sedimentindeki Bazı Ağır Metallerin Mevsimsel Değişimi. E.Ü Su Ürünleri Dergisi 24(1-2): 155-158.
Kır I, Tumantozlu H. 2012. Karacaören-II Baraj Gölü'ndeki Su, Sediment ve Sazan (Cyprinus carpio) Örneklerinde Bazı Ağır Metal Birikiminin İncelenmesi. Ekoloji 21, 82: 65-70. DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2011.829.
Kükrer S, Şeker S, Abacı ZT, Kutlu B. 2014. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of northern littoral zone of Lake Çıldır, Ardahan, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186: 3847- 3857. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3662-4.
Kükrer S, Erginal AE, Şeker S, Karabıyıkoğlu M. 2015. Distribution and environmental risk evaluation of heavy metal in core sediments from Lake Çıldır (NE Turkey). Environ Monit Assess., 187:453 DOI 10.1007/s10661-015- 4685-1
Long ER, Ingersoll C, MacDonald DD. 2006.Calculation and uses of mean sediment quality guideline quotients :acritical review. Environ.Sci.Technol., 40: 1726-1736. DOI: 10.1021/es058012d.
Mutlu E, Tepe AY. 2014. Yayladağı Sulama Göleti (Hatay) Suyunun Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 27(B): 18-23.
Mutlu E, Kutlu B, Yanık T, Demir T. 2014. Evaluation of water quality of Karacalar Dam (Ulaş-Sivas) By using Physico- chemical methods. Journal of Selçuk University Natural and Applied Science, ICOEST 2014 Özel sayı: 30-40.
Nriago JO, Pacyna J.M. 1988. Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals. Nature, 333: 134-140. DOI: 10.1038/333134a0 .
Özmen H, Külahçı F, Çukurovalı A, Doğru M. 2004. Concentrations of heavy metal and radioactivity in surface water and sediment of Hazar Lake (Elazığ, Turkey). Chemosphere, 55: 401-408.DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2003.11.003.
Suresh G, Ramasamy V, Meenakshisundaram V, Venkatachalapathy R, Ponnusamy V. 2011. Influence of mineralogical and heavy metal composition on natural radionuclide contents in the river sediments. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 69: 1466-1474. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.020
Sutherland RA. 2000. Bed sediment associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu. Hawaii Environmental Geology, 39:611-627. DOI: 10.1007/s002540050473
Tao Y, Yuan Z, Xiaona H, Wei M. 2012. Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic organisms of different trophic levels and potential health risk assessment from Taihu lake, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 81: 55-64. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.014
Tekin-Özan S, Aktan N. 2012. Relationship of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Tissues with Total Length, Weight and Seasons of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 From Işikli Lake Turkey). Pakistan J. Zool., 44(5): 1405-1416.
Vrhovnik P, Smuc NR, Dolenec T, Serafimovski T, Dolenec M. 2013. An evaluation of tracemetal distribution and environmental risk in sediments from the Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia). Environmental Earth Science, 70: 761- 775. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-012-2166-1.
Yang J, Chen L, Liu L, Shi We, Meng X. 2014. Comprehensive risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment from public parks in Shanghai. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102: 129-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.010.
Yi Y, Yang Z, Zhang S. 2011. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Environmental Pollution, 159: 2575-2585. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.011
Yilgor S, Kucuksezgin F, Ozel E. 2012. Assessment of Metal Concentrations in Sediments from Lake Bafa (Western Anatolia): An Index Analysis Approach. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 89:512-518 DOI 10.1007/s00128-012- 0699-3.
Zahra A, Hashmi MZ, Malik RN, Ahmed Z. 2014. Enrichment and geo-accumulation of heavy metals and risk assessment of sediments of the Kurang Nallah--Feeding tributary of the Rawal Lake Reservoir, Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment 470-471: 925-933. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2013.10.017