MUHAMMET KARAŞAHİN, ÖZGÜR DÜNDAR, AHMET SAMANCI

The Way of Yield Increasing and Cost Reducing in Agriculture: Smart Irrigation and Fertigation

The plants can only use the around 50% of the applied nitrogenous fertilizer. It has been observed that the dynamic fertigation applications help to improve the fertilizer effectiveness. In the dynamic fertigation approach, water and plant nutritional elements are calculated and determined according to the plant dry matter generation rate and root volume. Smart agriculture is an knowledge based decision making approach established upon quantification and observations of the changes in each level of production. With this system, saving can be provided by only supplying the plant’s daily need of water and fertilizer and preventing the excess irrigation and fertilizing, so yield increase can be achieved by keeping away the plants from the stress conditions. Agricultural production can be increased five times by irrigation but shortening in water sources and decrease in quality reasoned by fast growing are restricted of irrigation which is the main user of freshwater sources. Increasing the water and fertilizer effectiveness with the smart irrigation techniques which can save water and fertilization management applications are the essential strategies to be able to reach the yield increase in order to supply the growing food needs of developing population and help to minimize the environmental damage. In the study, the researches and applications related to smart irrigation and fertilization were tried to be included in a wide scope and tried to keep a light to obtain higher yield with less water and fertilizer use in agriculture.

Tarımda Verim Artışı ve Tasarrufun Yolu: Akıllı Sulama ve Gübreleme

Toplam uygulanan azotlu gübrelerin yaklaşık olarak sadece %50'si bitkiler tarafından alınabilmektedir. Dinamik fertigasyon uygulamalarının gübre kullanım etkinliğinde önemli artış sağladığı görülmüştür. Dinamik fertigasyon yaklaşımında su ve bitki besin elementleri bitki kuru madde üretimi ve kök hacmine göre günlük hesap edilerek belirlenmektedir. Akıllı tarım üretimin her aşamasında değişimleri ölçme ve gözlemleme üzerine kurulu bilgi temelli karar verme yaklaşımıdır. Bu sistemde bitkinin günlük su ve gübre ihtiyaçları karşılandığı için aşırı sulama ve gübrelemenin önüne geçilerek girdi kullanımında tasarruf sağlanmakta, bitki stres şartlarına maruz kalmadığı için verim artışları elde edilmektedir. Sulama ile bitkisel üretimi 5 kat artırmak mümkündür, ancak su kaynaklarının azalması ve hızlı büyüme nedeniyle kalitesinin bozulması tatlı su kaynaklarının en büyük kullanıcısı olan tarımda su kullanımını kısıtlama yoluna gidilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Su tasarrufu sağlayan sulama teknikleri ile akıllı sulama ve gübreleme yönetim uygulamalarıyla su ve gübre kullanım etkinliğinin artırılması böylece çevre üzerine olan olumsuz etkilerin en aza indirilmesinde ve artan nüfusun gıda ihtiyacının karşılanmasında kaçınılmaz olan verim artışlarını yakalamada vazgeçilmez stratejilerdendir. Çalışmada akıllı sulama ve gübreleme ile ilgili yapılmış araştırmalar ve uygulamalara geniş kapsamda yer verilmeye çalışılarak tarımda daha az su ve gübre kullanımı ile daha yüksek verim elde etmeye yönelik ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.

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