Siyez (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) Popülasyonlarının Biyoaktif, Antioksidan Özellikleri ve Organik Tarımda Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Derleme

Dünya’da en fazla ekim alanı ve üretimine sahip olmasının yanında tahıllar, temel bir gıda maddesi olması özelliği ile de tarımda ve yaşantımızda yeri doldurulamaz bir konumdadır. Ekim alanı bakımından ilk sırada yer alan buğday aynı zamanda ülkemizin de anavatanı olduğu ve tarihin başlarından beri temel bir gıda hammaddesi olma özelliğine sahip bir bitkidir. Bunun yanında, buğday insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan nişasta, protein, fitokimyasal ve antioksidan maddeleri de bünyesinde bulundurmaktadır. Geleneksel tarımda kullanılan ticari gübreler, pestisitler ve herbisitlerin çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri görüldükçe, organik tarıma olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Pestisit, sentetik gübre ve büyümeyi düzenleyici madde kalıntılarının insanlarda kanser ve diğer sağlık sorunlarına yol açabileceği kuşkusu, araştırmacıların dikkatini bu olumsuzlukları önleyecek üretim metotlarını geliştirmeye yöneltmiştir. Araştırmalar, en güvenilir üretim metodunun “Organik veya Ekolojik ya da Biyolojik Tarım” olarak adlandırılan yöntem olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenlerle, Dünyada, son 15 yılda organik tarım uygulamaları giderek artış göstermiştir. Yüksek girdili geleneksel yetiştiricilik koşullarında seçilmiş yeni ıslah çeşitleri, organik tarım koşullarına yeterince uyum sağlayamamaktadır. Hali hazırda organik tarım koşulları için uygun yeni çeşit ıslahı yapılmamış olması sebebiyle eldeki mevcut çeşitler organik tarımda kullanıldığında sadece verim değil aynı zamanda içerdikleri protein ve diğer yararlı bileşenler ile vitamin miktarlarında da bir düşüş meydana gelmektedir. Bunun yerine zaten marjinal alanlarda ekimi yapılan ve verim değerleri oturmuş yerel çeşitlerin ekimi daha çekici hale gelmektedir. Bu amaçla ülkemizin kısıtlı bölgelerinde üretilen yerel çeşitler bulundukları bölgelere iyi adapte oldukları için hem ıslah çalışmaları hem de organik üretim için en uygun adaylar olmaktadırlar.

A Review on the Bioactive, Antioxidant Properties of Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) Populations and Using in Organic Agriculture

In addition to having the most cultivation area and production in the world, cereals are irreplaceable in agriculture and in our life with being a basic food material. Wheat, which ranks first in terms of sowing area, is also an origin of our country and has been a basic food raw material since the beginning of history. Besides, wheat contains starch, protein, phytochemical and antioxidant substances which have an important role in human nutrition. As agricultural fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides have negative effects on the environment and human health, the interest in organic agriculture is increasing. The suspicion that pesticide, synthetic fertilizer and growth regulator residues can lead to cancer and other health problems in humans has led the researchers to focus their attention to improve of production methods that will prevent these disadvantages. Research has shown that the most reliable method of production is called Organic or Ecological or Biological Agriculture method. For these reasons, organic agriculture practices in the world have increased in the last 15 years. New breeding varieties selected in high-yielding traditional farming conditions do not sufficiently adapt to organic farming conditions. Readily available existing varieties due to yet correspond to new breeding for organic farming conditions not only yield when used in organic farming but also that they contain proteins and other useful in amounts of vitamins components also occurs a decrease. Cultivation of local varieties is becoming more attractive instead of already cultivated in marginal areas and stable yield values. For this purpose, local varieties produced in restricted regions of our country are the most suitable candidates for both breeding and organic production since they are well adapted to the regions where they are located.

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