Sevinç Uslu Kıran, Şebnem Kuşvuran, Özlem Altuntaş

Farklı Biber Genotiplerinde Kuraklığın Morfolojik, Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Kuraklık tüm dünyada bitki büyüme ve gelişmesi ile verimi etkileyen, en önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinin başında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; dokuz farklı biber genotipi ile Demre biber çeşidinin kuraklık stresi karşısında morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal tepkilerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Biber tohumları torf:perlit (2:1) karışımı içeren viyollere ekilmiş, bitkiler iki gerçek yapraklı aşamada yine 2:1 oranında torf:perlit karışımı içeren plastik saksılara şaşırtılmış, dört gerçek yapraklı aşamada kuraklık stresine başlanılmıştır. Kontrol bitkileri ise besin çözeltisi ile sulanmıştır. Stres sonunda oluşan etkilerin ortaya konulabilmesi amacı ile bitkilerde 0-5 görsel skala değerlendirmesi, yeşil aksam yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, gövde boyu ve çapı, yaprak sayısı ve yaprak alanı, yaprak oransal su içeriği (YOSİ), membran zararlanma indeksi (MZİ), yeşil aksam Potasyum (K+) ve kalsiyum (Ca+2) iyon içeriği, malondialdehit (MDA), toplam flavanoid ve fenolik madde içerikleri, toplam klorofil ve karotenoid içeriği ile antioksidatif enzim aktiviteleri ((süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), glutatyon redüktaz (GR), askorbat peroksidaz (APX)) açısından değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, kuraklığın morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametreler açısından olumsuzluklara yol açtığı ve bu etkinin genotipler arasında farklılıklar ortaya koyduğu belirlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi ile birlikte MDA ile anitoksidatif enzim aktivitesi açısından artış görülürken, BİB-6 ve BİB-8 genotiplerinin en tolerant genotipler olduğu belirlenmiştir

The Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Drought in Different Pepper Genotypeg

Drought stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses that cause a reduction in plant growth, development and yield in the world. The aim of this study is to reveal the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of the Demre pepper variety and nine different pepper genotypes against drought stress. Pepper seeds were planted into trays containing peat: perlite (2: 1) mixture. Then, seedlings having two leaves were transferred to plastic pots containing mixture of peat:perlite (2:1) mixture. Drought stress application was started when the plants have four leaves. The control plants were irrigated with nutrition solution. Genotypes were classified according to the severity of leaf damage symptoms by using 0-5 scale. In addition, shoot fresh and dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, relative water content (RWC), membrane injury index (MII), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentration of shoot, malondialdehyde content (MDA), total chlorophyll and carotenoid, total flavonoid and phenolic content, anitoxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) were also determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that drought had negative effect in terms of morphological and physiological parameters, and this effect revealed differences among genotypes. While drought stress increased MDA and antioxidative enzyme activity, BIB-6 and BIB-8 genotypes were found to be the most tolerant genotypes among the genotypes examined.

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