This study aimed to reveal relationship between the extensiveness of trichophytosis on the body and serum zinc levels in cattle. This study was carried out on 92 cattle with trichophytosis and 50 healthy ones. Serum zinc levels of healthy cattle were evaluated as control. The cattle with trichophytosis separated into 5 groups according to diffusiveness of the diseases. Experimental groups of this study were designed as follows; Group 1: up to 1 cm, Group 2: 1-5 cm, Group 3: 5-10 cm, Group 4: 10- 20 cm and Group 5: widespread on the body. Serum zinc levels measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with flame system. In general, the mean level of Zn in trichophytosis groups (0.613±0.013 mg Zn/L) was statistically lower than healthy ones (0.900±0.017 mg Zn/L). A negative correlation was determined between the diffusiveness degree of trichophytosis and serum zinc levels (r = -0.772). Serum Zinc levels were statistically decreased from the control group to group 3. However, a stable course was observed from 3 to 5. Therefore, the value of group 3 (0.6 mgZn/L) was determined as a critical value for the cattle with trichophytosis. According to regression analysis results, it was observed that the extensiveness of the trichophytosis lesions affected the levels of serum Zn levels significantly (r2=59.6%). Consequently, serum zinc levels of cattle decreased in an inversely proportional manner to the diffusiveness degree of trichophytosis and stabilization was observed at the level of 0.6 mg Zn/L.
___
Ali SS, Morsy R, El-Zawawy NA, Fareed MF, Bedaiwy MY. 2017. Synthesized zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO2-NPs): A novel antimicrobial, anti-elastase, anti-keratinase, and antiinflammatory approach toward polymicrobial burn wounds. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12: 6059–6073.
Al-Janabi AAHS, Bashi AM. 2018. Development of a new synthetic xerogel nanoparticles of silver and zinc oxide against causative agents of dermatophytoses. The Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018: 1–5.
Al-Qudah KM, Gharaibeh AA, Al-Shyyab MM. 2010. Trace minerals status and antioxidant enzymes activities in calves with dermatophytosis. Biological Trace Element Research, 136: 40–47.
Al-Refu K. 2017. Hair loss in children, etiologies, and treatment. hair and scalp disorders. Edi: Kutlubay Z. and Serdaroglu S., Open Access Peer-Reivewed Chapter 14, INTECH. https://www.intechopen.com/books/hair-and-scalpdisorders/hair-loss-in-children-etiologies-and-treatment. (accessed 30 December 2018)
Altınbaş R, Özakkaş F, Barış A, Turan D, Şen S. 2018. In vitro susceptibility of seven antifungal agents against dermatophytes isolated in İstanbul. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 48: 615-619.
Aslan Ö, Aksoy A, İça T. 2010. Dermatofitozisli genç sığırlarda serum çinko, bakır ve mangan seviyeleri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 7: 29–33.
Ballou ER, Wilson D. 2016. The roles of zinc and copper sensing in fungal pathogenesis. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 32: 128–134.
Finelt N, Kenner-Bell BM. 2017. Management of skin disorders of the newborn. In: Teng, J.M.C., Marqueling, A.L., Benjamin, L.T. (editors) Therapy in pediatric dermatology: management of pediatric skin disease. Springer International Publishing: Cham, pp:7–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/ 978-3-319-43630-2_2 (accessed 30 December 2018)
Guo CH, Chen PC, Yeh M-S, Hsiung DY, Wang CL. 2011. Cu/Zn ratios are associated with nutritional status, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune abnormalities in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Clinical Biochemistry, 44: 275–280.
Han Z, Li R, Li K, Shahzad M, Wang X-Q, Luo H, Qiu G, Nabi F, Li J, Meng X. 2016. Assessment of serum trace elements in diarrheic yaks (Bos grunniens) in Hongyuan, China. Biological Trace Element Research, 171: 333–337.
Karademir B. 2011. Effects of oral zinc sulfate applications at different pH (ascorbic acid, vinegar of graps and distillated water) on serum zinc levels in rabbits. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 58: 11–16.
Karademir B. 2017. Investigation of some blood serum trace and macro mineral levels in fighting rabbits. 18-20 May 2017, University – Industry Collaboration: Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina, pp: 396–404.
Karademir B, Yılmaz İ. 2018. E.coli (K99) kökenli buzağı ishalleri sırasında bazı iz ve makro minerallerin düzeylerinin durumları. I. International Iğdır congress on Multidisciplinary studies. 6-8 November 2018, İksad International Publishing House: Iğdır - Turkey, pp: 38–47.
Kincaid RL. 2000. Assessment of trace mineral status of ruminants: A review. Journal of Animal Science, 77: 1–10.
Koc E, Karademir B, Soomro N, Uzun F. 2018. The effects, both separate and Interactive, of smokıng and tea consumptıon on urınary fluorıde levels. Fluoride, 51: 84–96.
Kuru M, Karademir B, Oral H, Uzun F. 2018a. The effect of acute septic mastitis and clinical mastitis on serum levels of certain trace elements and macro minerals in cows. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15: 11–16.
Kuru M, Karademir B, Oral H, Uzun F. 2018b. The effect on serum mineral levels of acute septic mastitis and clinical mastitis in cows. I. International Iğdır congress on Multidisciplinary studies. 6-7 November 2018, İksad International Publishing House: Iğdır Üniversitesi, IğdırTurkey, p: 415.
Lee FF, Bradley CW, Cain CL, White SD, Outerbridge C, Murphy LA, Mauldin EA. 2016. Localized parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in sixteen Boston terrier dogs. Veterinary Dermatology, 27: 384-396.
Malavolta M, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Santarelli L, Cipriano C. 2010. Plasma copper/zinc ratio: an inflammatory/nutritional biomarker as predictor of all-cause mortality in elderly population. Biogerontology, 11: 309–319.
Ming PX, Ti YLX, Bulmer GS. 2006. Outbreak of Trichophyton verrucosum in China transmitted from cows to humans. Mycopathologia, 161: 225–228.
Miraloglu M, Kurutas EB, Ozturk P, Arıcan O. 2016. Evaluation of local trace element status and 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations in patients with Tinea pedis. Biological Procedures Online, 18. DOI: 10.1186/s12575-015-0030-x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4702401/pd f/12575_2015_Article_30.pdf (accessed 06 January 2019)
Montllor-Albalate C, Colin AE, Chandrasekharan B, Bolaji N, Anderson JL, Wayne OF, Reddi AR. 2018. Extramitochondrial Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is dispensable for protection against oxidative stress but mediates peroxide signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Redox Biology, 21: 101064. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox. 2018.11.022 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC6302037/ (accessed 06 January 2019)
Nisbet C, Yarim GF, Ciftci G, Arslan HH, Ciftci A. 2006. Effects of trichophytosis on serum zinc levels in calves. Biological Trace Element Research, 113: 273–280.
Patiño-Herrera R, Catarino-Centeno R, Robles-Martínez M, Zarate MG, Flores AJC, Perez E. 2018. Antimycotic activity of zinc oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Powder Technology, 327: 381–391.
Pizent A, Pavlovic M, Jurasovic J, Dodig S, Pasalic D, Mujagic R. 2010. Antioxidants, trace elements and metabolic syndrome in elderly subjects. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 14: 866–871.
Potrykus J, Ballou ER, Childers DS, Brown AJP. 2014. Conflicting interests in the pathogen-host tug of war: fungal micronutrient scavenging versus mammalian nutritional immunity. PLoS Pathogens, 10: e1003910. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003910 https://journals.plos.org/ plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003910 &type=printable (accessed 06 January 2019)
Robinett NG, Culbertson EM, Peterson RL, Sanchez H, Nett JE, Culotta VE. 2018. Exploiting the vulnerable active site of a copper-only superoxide dismutase to disrupt fungal pathogenesis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.007095 http://www.jbc.org/content/early /2018/12/27/jbc.RA118.007095.full.pdf (accessed 06 January 2019)
Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Mosleh-Tehrani F, Ranjbar-Bahadori S, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. 2009. An epidemiological survey on cattle ringworm in major dairy farms of Mashhad city, Eastern Iran. Iranian J Microbiol, 1: 31–36. http://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/27 (accessed 02 January 2019)
Sharma S, Kumar P, Joshi SC. 2012. An overvıew on fungal infection in diabetes. International Journal of Deccan Pharma and Life Sciences, 3: 110–125.
Shokri H, Khosravi AR. 2016. An epidemiological study of animals dermatomycoses in Iran. Journal De Mycologie Medicale, 26: 170–177.
Subramanian Vignesh K, Landero FJA, Porollo A, Caruso JA, Deepe GS. 2013. Zinc sequestration: arming phagocyte defense against fungal attack. PLoS Pathogens, 9: e1003815. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003815 https://journals.plos.org/ plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003815 &type=printable (accessed 06 January 2019)
Ural K, Karakurum MÇ, Duru Ö, Cingi CÇ, Haydardedeoğlu AE. 2009. Serum zinc concentrations in dogs with Microsporum canis dermatophytosis: a pilot study. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 33: 279–283.
Wilson D, Citiulo F, Hube B. 2012. Zinc exploitation by pathogenic fungi. PLoS Pathogens, 8: e1003034. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003034 https://journals.plos.org/ plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003034 &type=printable (accessed 06 January 2019)
Wu C, Feng Y, Shohag MJI, Lu LL, Wei YY, Gao C, Yang X. 2011. Characterization of (68) Zn uptake, translocation, and accumulation into developing grains and young leaves of high Zn-density rice genotype. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, 12: 408–418.
Yıldırım M, Çınar M, Öcal N, Yağcı BB, Askar S. 2010. Prevalence of Clinical Dermatophytosis and Oxidative Stress in Cattle. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9: 1978–1982.
Zamani S, Sadeghi G, Yazdinia F, Moosa H, Pazooki, A. 2016. Epidemiological trends of dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran: A five-year retrospective study. Journal De Mycologie Medicale, 26: 351–358.