To meet the demand for an appropriate soaking duration and priming type, there is a need to embrace cheap, fast, natural, accessible, and adaptable physiological techniques as soaking of seeds in water and fresh cow milk. Fresh cow milk contains hormones that relieve seeds from photo, thermo, physiological and mechanical dormancy. In light of this, this study was conducted to assess the effect of hydration and fresh cow milk on different seed quality attributes like germination percentage, mean germination time, the uncertainty of germination process, and synchrony of germination process of bitter gourd seeds. The study involved two factors namely hydropriming and different concentrations of fresh cow milk (viz. 60%, 80% and 100%), and the other factor was seed soaking duration with 4 levels (i. e., 0, 12, 18 and 24 hours). The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. Results revealed that the percentage germination value of seeds soaked in all concentrations of fresh cow milk was better than hydropriming. A significant germination percentage value of 96% and 93% were recorded for seeds treated for 18 hours in 80% and 100% concentrations of fresh cow milk respectively. Maximum uncertainty of the germination process and minimum synchrony of germination the process was recorded in untreated seed.
___
Adelani DO, Maisamari IJ. 2016. Effect of fresh cow milk and coconut milk on the germination of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seeds. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 8(4): 7-16.
Akindele SO. 2004. Basic Experimental Designs in Agricultural Research. Printed by Royal Bird Venture, Mushin, Lagos, Nigeria, pp. 190.
Chauhan JS, Tomar YK, Singh NI, Seema A, Debarati (2009). Effect of growth hormones on seed germination and seedling growth of black gram and horse gram. Journal of American Science, 5(5): 79- 84.
Djamgoz M, Jane P. 2015. 10-Step Plan to Help You Overcome and Prevent Cancer’. Vermilion Publisher, 9 p.
Dorneles MC, Ranal MA, Santana DG. 2005. Germinação de diásporos de Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) ocorrente no cerrado do Brasil Central. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 28: 399-408.
Gomez KA, Gomez, AA. 2010. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, United States of America, p. 680.
Grover JK, Yadav SP. 2004. Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 93: 123-132.
Harris D, Tripathi RS, Joshi A. 2000. On-farm seed priming to improve crop establishment and yield in dry direct-seeded rice. Paper presented at the workshop on dry seeded rice Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
Labouriau LG. 1983. Uma nova linha de pesquisanafisiologia da germinação das sementes. Anais do XXXIV CongressoNacional de Botânica. SBB, Porto Alegre, 11-50.
Labouriau LG, Valadares, MEB. 1976. On the germination of seeds of Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. F. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 48.
Lin JM, Sung JM. 2001. Pre-sowing treatments for improving emergence of bitter gourd seedlings under optimal and suboptimal temperatures. Seed Sci. Technol., 29: 39-50.
Peter KV, Sadhu MK, Raj M, Prasanna KP. 1998. Improvement and cultivation of bitter gourd, snake gourd, pointed gourd and ivy gourd. In: Nayar, N. M., More, A. (Eds.), Cucurbits. Sci. Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, USA, pp. 187-195.
Prat L, Batti C, Fichet T. 2008. Effect of plant growth regulators on floral differentiation and seed production in jojoba (Simmondsia chinesis (Link) Schneider). Industrial Crops and Products, 27: 44-49.
Ranal MA, Santana DG. 2006. How and why to measure the germination process? Brazilian Journal of Botany, 29: 1-11. doi:10.1590/s0100-84042006000100002
Rastogi A, Siddiqui A, Mishra BK, Srivastava M, Pandey R, Misra P, Singh M, Shukla S. 2013. Effect of auxin and gibberellic acid on growth and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 13(2): 1-10.
Sananse, SL, Maidapwad SL. 2014. On analysis of two-way ANOVA using data transformation techniques. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(11): 480-483.
Singh NP, Singh DK, Singh YK, Kumar V. 2006. Vegetables Seed Production Technology. 1st Ed. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow. pp. 143-145.
Wang HY, Chen CL, Sung JM. 2002. Both warm water soaking and solid priming treatments enhance anti-oxidation of bitter gourd seeds germinated at sub-optimal temperature. Seed Sci. Technol., 31: 47-56.
Yibchok AS, Adisakwattana S, Yao CY, Sangvanich P, Roengsumran S, Hsu WH. 2006. Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin mimetic activities. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 29: 1126-1131.