Dioksinlerin Hayvan Beslemedeki Genel Etkileri

Dioksinler; hayvanlarda karaciğer toksisitesine, ağırlık kaybına, bağışıklık sisteminin baskılanmasına, üreme gücünde zayıflamaya, yumurta kabuğunda incelmeye, doğum kusurlarına, kanserlere ve ölüme yol açan kimyasal bir gruptur. Özellikle, 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) çok zehirlidir ve üzerinde yoğun çalışmaların yapıldığı çevresel toksinlerden biridir. Yüksek dozları hemen her hayvan türünü etkilemektedir. Dioksinin insanlarda kanser oluşturma riskine sahip olduğu yapılan araştırmalarla doğrulanmıştır. Bu nedenle Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Kurumu dioksini birinci sınıf kanserojen olarak tanımlamıştır. Dioksinler, yağda eridiklerinden et, süt, yumurta ve balık gibi hayvansal gıdalarda depolanmakta ve mevcudiyetini çok uzun yıllar devam ettirmektedirler. Bu nedenledir ki insanların önemli bir kısmı, hayvansal ürünlerle, hava yoluyla ve deri temasıyla birlikte her gün bir miktar dioksin'e maruz kalabilmektedir. Hayvan yemlerine ilave edilen organik asitler, pH değiştiriciler nişasta, şeker, bitkisel ve hayvansal yağlar, meyve ve sebze işleme yan ürünleri, kaolinit, rendering ürünleri ile pelet yapımına yardımcı maddeler dioksinlerin kontaminasyonuna neden olmaktadır. Bitkisel orijinli yem maddelerinin hepsinde ve bunların yan ürünlerindeki maksimum dioksin miktarı 0,75 ng toksik eşdeğerliliği/kg'dır. Bu derlemede, dioksinlerin çiftlik hayvanlarının beslemesine olan etkileri incelenmiştir.

The General Effects of Dioxins on Livestock Feeding

Dioxins is one of the chemicals groups that cause liver toxicity, live weight reduction, immune suppression, reproductive impairments, eggshell thinning, birth defects, cancers and death in animals. The 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most poisonous environmental chemical and many studies were showed high dosage of TCDD affects all animal group. Also TCDD increase cancer risk in human so this chemical described as carcinogenic by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Dioxins are stored in animal foods such as meat, milk, eggs and fish, because they are soluble in oil and remain in these products for many years. Dioxins can dissolve in fat and high stability therefore it can be infected to meat, milk, egg, and fish and store there for long time as a result people could be contained with dioxin during daily life. Animal feed additives such as organic acids, pH modifiers, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, fat, fruit and by-products of plant, kaolinite, rendering products, pelleting aids cause dioxin contamination. The maximum dioxin content in plant-origin feedstuffs and their byproducts is 0.75 ng toxic equivalent/kg body weight. In this rewiew, the effects of dioxins on livestock feeding was examined.

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