Çilekte Sulama Düzeyleri ile Malç Uygulamalarının Pomolojik Özellikler Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’nin üretim miktarı ile dünyada dördüncü sırada yer aldığı çilek (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Fortuna) türünde İspanyol tipi yüksek tüneller altında 2016-2017 yetiştiricilik döneminde iki farklı sulama rejimi (IR100 ve IR50) ile üç farklı malç materyali (gri, siyah, şeffaf ve kontrol) uygulamalarının toprak nemi ve meyvelerdeki bazı pomolojik özellikler üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, IR100 (397 mm) uygulamalarında gri malç (ortalama, %34,3) altında toprak nemi dönem boyunca en yüksek seviyede kalmış ve bunu, sırası ile siyah (%33,4), şeffaf (%27,3) ve kontrol (%23,9) uygulamaları izlemiştir. IR50 (288mm) sulama rejiminde kontrol uygulamasının solma noktasına çok yakın seyrettiği gözlenirken, malçlama ile su içeriğinin arttığı ve en fazla nem içeriğinin gri (%26,3), siyah (%24,9) ve şeffaf (%23,8) olarak sıralandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Artan sulama suyu miktarıyla çilekte verim artışının yanında, ortalama meyve ağırlığının da önemli düzeyde arttığı belirlenmiştir. Meyve boyutu üzerine farklı malç tipleri değerlendirildiğinde, çilek tarımda kullanılan malçın; yabancı ot kontrolü, toprak nemini koruması gibi olumlu etkileri yanında, meyve boyutunu önemli ölçüde arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Genel olarak en iyi meyve boyutlarının gri malçın kullanıldığı bitkilerden elde edildiği, bunu ise ticari olarak da yaygın olarak kullanılan siyah malçın izlediği belirlenmiştir. En düşük değer ise malç kullanılmayan parsellerden elde edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak azalan sulama suyu ile SÇKM’nin önemli ölçüde arttığı belirlenmiştir. Kullanılan malç tiplerinin ise SÇKM üzerine önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı, değerin %7,9 ile 8,2 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Meyve eti sertliği üzerine sulama seviyelerinin etkisi önemsiz olsa dahi, artan sulama suyunun meyve eti sertliği üzerine olumlu katkı yaptığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, farklı malç ve sulama suyu uygulamalarında en etkin tarımsal uygulamanın Gri IR100 olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna karşın bu yargının üreticiye önerilebilmesi için ekonomik olarak da değerlendirilmesi önemle gerekmektedir.

Effects of Irrigation Levels and Mulch Applications on Pomological Properties of Strawberry

In this study, the effects of two different irrigation regimes (IR100 and IR50) and three different mulch materials (grey, black, transparent and control) on the soil moisture and some pomological characteristics on strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Fortuna) were examined under Spanish type high tunnels which Turkey is the fourth producer in the world. As a result of the study, soil moisture content under the grey mulch (34.3%) in IR100 (397 mm) applications was highest during the vegetation period and it was followed by black (33.4%), transparent (27.3%) and control (23.9%) applications respectively. The control application is very close to the wilting point in IR50 (288 mm) irrigation regime and the water content increases with mulching via the highest moisture content is in grey (26.3%), black (24.9%) and transparent (23.8%). In addition to the increase in the yield of strawberries with increasing amount of irrigation water, the average fruit weight increased significantly. As well as positive effects such as weed control, soil moisture preservation, of mulching also the fruit size were significantly increased. It was determined that the best fruit sizes were obtained from plants using gray mulch, followed by black mulch which was widely used commercially. The lowest value was obtained from control parcels. The amount of water-soluble dry matter (WSDM) increased significantly with decreasing irrigation water. The mulch types used had no significant effect on WSMD, and the value varied between 7.9 and 8.2%. Even if the effect of irrigation levels on the fruit hardness is insignificant, it is determined that the increasing irrigation water has a positive effect on the hardness of the fruit. Consequently, the most effective agricultural application in different mulch and irrigation water applications is Gary IR100. However, it is important to evaluate this judgment economically in order to be offered to the producer

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Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2148-127X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Aylık
  • Başlangıç: 2013
  • Yayıncı: Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP)
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