Biyodinamik Tarım ve Organik Tarımın Karşılaştırılması

Modern tarımsal uygulamalar ürünlerin dayanıklılık ve verimliliğini en üst düzeye çıkarmak için farklı biyolojik, fiziksel ve kimyasal işlem basamakları içerir. Bu işlemler arasında özellikle kimyasal girdi kullanımının giderek artması sonucunda ortaya çıkan çevresel etkiler konusundaki endişeler nedeniyle, modern tarımsal uygulamalar için alternatif felsefeler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu alternatif yaklaşımlar birçok yönden geleneksel uygulamalara benzerken göze çarpan birkaç farklılık ile gelenekselden ayrılmaktadır. 18. yüzyılın sonlarında başlayan endüstriyel devrimle birlikte, artan nüfus ve küresel ısınma, gezegenimizin bozulduğunun farkına varılmasına neden olmuş ve günümüzde organik ve biyodinamik gibi alternatif tarım metotları ile insan, çevre, su ve toprakların korunması gündeme gelmiştir. Biyodinamik tarım; 1924'te filozof Rudolf Steiner ve agronom E. Pfeiffer tarafından kurulan bir sistem olup insan-doğa-evren kavramını esas alan antropolojik bir teoriye dayanmaktadır. Biyodinamik tarım birçok açıdan daha iyi bilinen organik tarıma benzer ve her ikisi de temel olarak kimyasal girdi (gübre, böcek ilacı, herbisit, hormon) kullanımına olan felsefi muhalefetleriyle şekillenmiştir. Biyodinamik tarımın organik tarımdan farkı, felsefi ve tarihi yönleri dışında, hayvansal organlarla fermente edilen özellikli bitki veya mineraller içeren biyodinamik preparatların kullanımında yatmaktadır. Bu derlemede, biyodinamik tarım uygulanmasının avantajları ortaya konularak iki sistem (organik ve biyodinamik) arasındaki farklara yer verilecektir.

Comparison of Biodynamic and Organic Agriculture

Modern agricultural applications contain various biologic physical and chemical process steps to maximize the durability and fertility of the products. Because of the apprehensions that come out as a result of increase in usage of chemical input in these processes, some alternative concepts have been come to exist for modern agricultural applications. Even these approaches match with traditional applications, they differ by their some outstanding features. By the help of industrial devolution in 18TH century, the increasing popularity and global warming caused the people to notice the ecologic deformation on the earth and accordingly saving the ecology and the earth became one of the main topics of current issues. The biodynamic agriculture system is founded in 1924 by Rudolf Steiner (philosopher) and E. Pfeiffer (agronomist) and built on an anthropologic theory that based on human-nature-universe concept. Biodynamic agriculture is familiar with organic agriculture. Mainly both of them are originated by oppositional perspective on using chemical input (manure, pesticide, herbicide, hormone e.g.). The main dissimilitude of biodynamic agriculture with organic apart from philosophical and historical aspects is, using the biodynamic preparations includes some minerals or specific herbs those are fermented with animal organs. In this review study, the differences between organic and biodynamic agriculture are analysed by emphasizing the main advantages of biodynamic agriculture.

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