Kodlama Öncesi veya Geri Getirme Öncesi Sevk Edilen Korku ve Kızgınlık Duygularının Tanıma Belleği Performansına Etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı özgül (spesifik) duyguların tanıma belleği üzerine etkilerini incelemek ve duyguya dair ikikuramsal yaklaşımı (değerlik/uyarılmışlık modeli ve motivasyonel model) duygu-bellek ilişkisini açıklama etkinliğibakımından sınamaktır. Bu amaçla yürütülen iki deneyde, her ikisi de negatif değerlikte ve yüksek uyarılmışlık düzeyinde olan, fakat motivasyonel eğilim bakımından birbirinden farklılaşan kızgınlık ve korku hedef duygular olarakseçilmiştir. Ek olarak, çalışmaya negatif değerlikte olmayan bir kontrol koşulu (Deney1: sakinlik, Deney2: mutluluk)dâhil edilmiştir. Birinci deneyde, öncelikle duygu sevki aşaması gerçekleştirilmiş ve ardından katılımcılar nötr kelimelerden oluşan bir liste çalışmışlardır. Ara görevden sonra, katılımcılara önceden çalıştıkları kelimelerin yeni kelimelerle karıştırıldığı tanıma belleği testi uygulanmıştır. İkinci deneyde ise, duygu sevki bellek testinden hemen öncegerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylelikle, duygunun kodlama sırasında mı yoksa geri getirme sırasında mı bellek üzerinde dahaetkili olduğu sorusu araştırılmıştır. Duygu sevkinin kodlamadan önce gerçekleştirildiği birinci deneyde kızgınlık vekorku arasında bellek duyarlılığı (da) ve tepki yanlılığı (ca) açısından fark bulunmamıştır. Duygu sevkinin kodlamadansonra gerçekleştirildiği ikinci deneyde ise yaklaşma motivasyonuna sahip kızgınlık, korkuya kıyasla, bellekte bilgileringeri getirilmesinde kullanılan karar süreçleri üzerinde daha liberal bir yanlılığa neden olmuş fakat duyarlılık açısındankorkudan farklılaşmamıştır. Sonuç olarak bulgular, duygunun tanıma belleği üzerindeki etkisini açıklamada her ikikuramsal yaklaşımın da önemli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Effects of Fear vs. Anger on Recognition Memory when Emotion is Induced Before Encoding or Before Retrieval

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of specific emotions on recognition memory and to com¬pare two approaches (i.e., valence/arousal model and motivational model) on their predictions about the emotion-memory relationship. Anger and fear were chosen as target emotions since they are both negative and highly arousing, but differ in terms of motivational tendencies. In addition, a control condition was included in which induced emotion was not negative (Exp1: calmness, Exp2: happiness). In the first experiment, emotion induction was conducted and then participants studied neutral words. After a filler task, participants were given a recognition test in which they decided whether each word was old or new. In the second experiment, emotion induction was conducted before retrieval in order to examine whether emotion effects were due to encoding or retrieval process. When emotion was induced before encoding, anger and fear did not differ in terms sensitivity (da ) or response bias (ca ). When emotion was induced before retrieval, however, approach-motivated angry partici¬pants had a more liberal bias to recognize neutral words as studied, but were not more accurate than fearful participants. Together, these results suggested that both valence and motivational properties are important determinants of emotion-induced effects on recognition memory.

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