İş Kontrolü ve Kontrol İsteği ile Tükenmişlik ve Fiziksel Sağlık Arasındaki İlişkiler

İş kontrolü ile tükenmişlik ve fiziksel sağlık arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı; varsa bu ilişkinin çalışanların kontrol ihtiyaçlarının derecesine bağlı olarak değişip değişmediği incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 435 hemşire katılımcıya iş kontrolü, kontrol isteği, tükenmişlik ve bedensel rahatsızlık tarama ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar iş kontrolü ve kontrol isteği ölçeklerinden aldıkları puanlara göre düşük iş kontrolü-düşük kontrol isteği, düşük iş kontrolü-yüksek kontrol isteği, yüksek iş kontrolü-düşük kontrol isteği ve yüksek iş kontrolü-yüksek kontrol isteği koşullarından birine atanmışlardır. Verilere, tükenmişliğin üç boyutu (duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı duygusunun azalması) ve fiziksel sağlık yakınmaları için ayrı ayrı 2 (iş kontrolü:düşük-yüksek) x 2 (kontrol isteği:düşük-yüksek) faktörlü varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular hem iş kontrolü hem de kontrol isteği ile tükenmişlik arasında bir ilişkinin bulunduğunu, ancak iş kontrolü ile tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişkinin çalışanların kontrol isteğine bağlı olarak değişmediğini göstermiştir. Buna göre, iş kontrolü düşük olan katılımcılar iş kontrolü yüksek olanlara göre daha fazla duygusal tükenmişlik, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı duygusu azalması yaşamaktadırlar. Kontrol isteği söz konusu olduğunda ise, kontrol isteği yüksek olanlar daha fazla duygusal tükenme ve duyarsızlaşma, düşük olanlar daha fazla kişisel başarı duygusu azalması yaşamaktadırlar. İş kontrolü ve kontrol isteği ile fiziksel sağlık arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.

The Effects of Job Control, Desirability of Control on Burnout and Physical Health

The study investigated whether the relationship between job control and physical and psychological well-being is moderated by the strength of employees’ need for control. Four hundred and thirty five nurses were administered Job Control scale, Desirability of Control Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Symptom Checklist. Using median values of Job Control Scale and Desirability of Control Scale as cutting points participants were assigned to one of the four conditions: low desirability of control/ low job control, low desirability of control/ high job control, high desirability of control/ high job control and high desirability of control/ low job control. Separate 2 (job control: high-low) x 2 (desirability of control: high-low) ANOVAs were applied to three components of burnout and physical health complaint scores. The results indicated that burnout was related to both job control and desirability of control. However, the absence of job control x desirability for control interaction indicated that the relationship between job control and burnout is not moderated by the desire for control. The analysis applied to physical complaints score yielded no significant main or interaction effect.

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