Süleyman BAYRAKTAR, Tabanlı Seher BAYRAKTAR, Haldun EMİROĞLU, Murat ELEVLİ

Plasmodium vivax'a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu

Sıtmalı hastada ağrının yerinin belirlenememesi ve ensefalopatinin başka herhangi bir nedenle açıklanamaması durumu serebral malarya olarak tanımlanır. Sıklığı kesin olarak bilinmemektedir. Plasmodium vivax'a bağlı serebral malarya Plasmodium falciparum'a göre çok daha nadirdir. Nadir rastlanması dolayısıyla Plasmodium vivax'a bağlı 7 yaşında bir çocuk serebral malarya olgusu sunulmuştur.

A case of plasmodium vivax related cerebral malaria

Cerebral malaria is distinct from malaria with uncontrollable general pain and encephalopathy with no other cause. Although the definite percentage of cerebral malaria cases is not stated in the literature, plasmodium vivax related cerebral malaria is much rare than plasmodium falciparum. Because of its rarity, a seven-year old female patient with plasmodium vivox cerebral malaria in presented.

PDF

___

1) Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD. Parasitic Diseases In: Rudolh AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD (eds). Rudolph's Pediatrics. 20 th edition. Stamford Connecticut 1996; 760- 6.
2) Snow RW, Omumbo JA, Lowe B, et al. Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa. Lancet. 1997; 349: 1650-4.
3) Unat EK, Yücel A, Altaş K. Plasmodium cinsi türleri ve parazitlikleri. Unat'ın Tıp Parazitolojisi. 4. Baskı. İstanbul 1991; 621- 60.
4) Newton CR, Krishna S. Severe falciparum malaria in children: current understanding of pathophysiology and supportive treatment. Pharmacol Ther 1998; 79: 1- 53.
5) Braga MD, Alcantara GC, da Silva CN, Nascimento CG. Cerebral malaria in Cerea: a case report. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2004; 37: 53- 5.
6) Bag MA, Khan R, Baig SM. Cerebral involment in benign tertian malaria. Am J Trop Hyg 2002; 67: 230- 2.
7) Parez N, Deleee S, Favier R. Imported malaria in children in 1999. Study of the Armand-Trousseau Hospital in Paris. Arch Pediatr 2002; 9: 371- 6.
8) Severe falciparum malaria. World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases Cluster. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94: S1- 90.
9) Newton CR, Taylor TE, Whitten RO. Pathophysiology of fatal falciparum malaria in African children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998; 58: 673- 83.
10) Newton CR, Crawley J, Sowumni A, et al. Intracranial hypertension in Africans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
11) Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
12) Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
13) Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
14) Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1999; 76: 89- 92.
15) Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
16) Lewallen S, Bakker H, Taylor TE, et al. Retinal findings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
17) English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
18) Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparum malaria in Melanesian adults in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
19) Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
20) Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
21) Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with cerebral malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300-9.
22) van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 1091- 7.
23) Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
24) Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
25) Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
26) Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
27) Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
28) Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
29) van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
30) Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529 34.