Oya ERCAN, Müjgan ALİKAŞİFOĞLU, Ömer UYSAL, Süheyla OCAK, Barış EKİCİ, Gülşah OKTAY, İlker YÜCEL, Kaymak Deniz ALBAYRAK, Ethem ERGİNÖZ

Kırsal ve kentsel alanlarda yaşayan 11 ve 13 yaşlarındaki öğrencilerin sağlık durumları ve sağlık davranışları arasındaki farklılıklar: Türkiye sağlık davranışları araştırması 2006 sonuçları

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de kentsel ve kırsal alanlarda yaşayan 11 ve 13 yaşındaki öğrencilerin sağlık durumları ve sağlıkla ilgili davranışları arasındaki farklılıkları saptamaktı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada gençlerin sağlık durumları ve sağlık davranışlarını saptamayı hedefleyen, kesitsel tanımlayıcı ve çok uluslu “Health Behavior in School Aged Children 2006 (HBSC)” araştırmasının, Türkiye ayağına katılan 11ve 13 yaşındaki çocukların verilerinden yararlanıldı. Bu çalışma için veri çözümlemeleri 23 ildeki 82 ilkokulun 180 dersliğinde 11 ve 13 yaşlarındaki 3884 (1946 erkek, 1938 kız) öğrenci üzerinden yapıldı. Gruplar arasındaki oran farklılıkları ki-kare testi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Kırsal alanda yaşayan hem kızların hem de erkeklerin kentlerde yaşayan akranlarından daha sık yatağa aç girdikleri, daha sık baş dönmesinden yakındıkları, daha az meyve yedikleri, daha nadir diş fırçaladıkları, daha az egzersiz yaptıkları saptandı. Kırsal alanda yaşayan öğrenciler kentlerde yaşayanlara göre daha az bilgisayar kullanıyorlardı. Ayrıca, kırsal alanda yaşayan erkeklerin daha sık şiddet davranışları gösterdikleri ve kızların ise kendilerini daha sağlıksız hissettikleri, yaşamlarından daha az memnun oldukları ve daha sık yaralandıkları saptandı. Kentlerde yaşayan kız ve erkek öğrenciler, kırsal alanda yaşayan akranlarından daha sık olarak besin değeri düşük ve enerji içeriği yüksek yiyecek ve içecekleri tükettiklerini bildirdiler. Kentsel alanda yaşayan erkekler arasında diyette olma, bedeninden hoşnut olmama ve şişmanlık kırsal alanda yaşayanlara göre daha sıktı. Çıkarımlar: Araştırmamız ülkemizde kentsel ve kırsal alanda yaşayan 11 ve 13 yaşındaki kızlar ve erkekler arasında sağlık açısından eşitsizlikler olduğunu ve kırsal alanda yaşayan hem kızların hem de erkeklerin daha fazla risk altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Ergenler için sağlığı geliştirme programları hazırlanırken yerleşim yeri nedeni ile ortaya çıkan bu farklılıkların göz önüne alınması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.

Differences in health and health behaviors between urban and rural school children aged 11-13 years in Turkey: Findings from the health behavior in school-aged children study 2006

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the differences between rural and urban adolescents’ health and health behaviors. Material and Method: The data presented in this study were a part of the Turkish data collected for the cross-sectional and international “Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2005/2006 study” which aimed to evaluate adolescents’ health and health behavior around Europe and North America. Data were collected from 3884 11 to 13 years of age (1946 males, 1938 females) students who attended 180 classes of 82 primary schools in 23 cities. Statistical analyses were made by using chi square test. Results: Both female and male students who lived in rural areas were more likely to go to bed hungry more often, to feel dizzy more often, to eat fruits less often, to brush teeth less often, to exercise less often and to use computers less often than their peers living in urban areas. Besides, in rural areas, male students were more likely to be violent and female students were more likely to feel unhealthy, to be unsatisfied with their lives and to be injured more often than their urban peers. Both female and male students who lived in urban areas were more likely to eat or drink more energy dense and low nutritional value foods and drinks than their peers living in rural areas. Males who lived in urban areas were more likely to be on a diet, not to be satisfied with their body and to be obese than their peers living in rural areas.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that there are several health inequities between rural and urban female and male adolescents. These differences should be taken into account, when prepering adolescent health promotion programs,

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