Esin BAŞARAN, Demet CANARSAN-DUMAN, İlker BÜYÜK, Sümer ARAS

Identification of some Lecidea, Porpidia and Lecidella species (lichen-forming ascomycetes) distributed in Turkey by sequence analysis of rDNA ITS region

AMAÇ: Lecidea cinsine ait türlerin taksonomisi tür içi ve türler arasındaki büyük morfolojik farklılıkların olması nedeniyle oldukça karmaşa göstermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Lecidea türleri ve onunla ilişkili cinsler olarak bilinen ve Anadoluda oldukça yaygın olan Lecidella ve Porpidia cins türlerine ait örneklere ait rDNA (ITS) bölgelerinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. YÖNTEMLER: Anadolunun farklı bölgelerinden toplanan 11 türe ait 17 liken örneğine ait rDNA ITS dizi analizi verileri incelenmiştir. Diğer ülkelerde dağılım gösteren Lecidea, Lecidella, Lecanora ve Porpidia cinsine ait bazı türlerin sekans analizi bilgileri GenBankdan (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) alınmıştır. Filogenetik analizler dört farklı metotla (NJ, ME, MP, UPGMA) analiz edilmiştir ve analiz sonuçlarında oluşturulan dört faklı filogenetik ağaçta da benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. BULGULAR: Minimum-Evolution (ME) analizine göre oluşturan filogenetik agaca göre Lecidea, Lecidella, Porpidia ve Ganoderma cinslerine ait türlerin dört ana dala ayrılmış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Minimum-Evolution (ME) analizde Ganoderma applanatum (GU256764) türü dışgrup olarak kullanılmıştır ve çalışılan tüm türlerden ayrı bir dal oluşturmuştur. Çalışılan Lecidea ve onunla ilişkili cinslerin tür ayrımı karşılaştırıldığında genellikle aynı cinsine ait türler ana dala karşı bir dal oluşturmuşlardır. Moleküler filogenetik analizler sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlara göre Lecidea cinsi Lecidella cinsinden ziyade Porpidia cinsine daha yakın bulunmuştur. Çalışılan örneklerden ilgili bölgelerinin DNA dizisinden 4100 nükleotit elde edilmiştir. Bu nükleotidlerin 177 tanesi korunmuş (C), 747 nükleotit farklılaşmış (V) olarak belirlenmiştir. 56 nükleotit çifti transitions, 54 nükleotit çiftide tranversion olarak tespit edilmiştir. SONUÇ: Bu çalışma kapsamında Lecidea ve onunla ilişkili cinslerin filogenetik analizi literatürde ilk defa değerlendirilmiştir ve elde edilen sonuçların ileride yapılacak fungus türlerinin moleküler filogenetik yöntemlerle tanımlanması çalışmalarına kaynak sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Türkiye de yayılış gösteren bazı Lecidea, Porpidia ve Lecidella türlerinin (liken oluşturan ascomycetes) rDNA ITS bölgesinin dizi analizi yöntemi ile tanımlanması

OBJECTIVE: The taxonomy of Lecidea is extremely complex because of the enormous morphological variation within and between species. The aim of this study was to analyse the rDNA (ITS) regions of Lecidea species and related genus called Lecidella and Porpidia which are widely spreaded in Anatolia, Turkey. METHODS: The ITS rDNA sequence information of 17 samples from 11 species which were collected from different provinces of Anatolia were generated. Some of the specimens from Lecidea, Lecidella, Lecanora and Porpidia genus were also taken from the GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The phylogenetic analysis was performed by the help of four different methods (NJ, ME, MP, UPGMA) and these different methods manifested similar results. RESULTS: Minimum-Evolution (ME) dendrogram revealed that species of Lecidea, Lecidella, Porpidia and Ganoderma sp. genus were distributed into four main branches. Ganoderma applanatum (GU256764) which was considered as outgroup formed one of the branches, while the other species were collected on the other branchs. Generally the species which belong to the same genus, combined in one branch towards to the origin. In accordance with the results derived from molecular phylogenetic analysis, genus Lecidea is found closer Porpidia rather than Lecidella morphologically. Numerable 4100 nucleotides were obtained from DNA sequences of related region of studied samples. It was indicated that 177 nucleotides of those regions were stable (C), 747 nucleotides were variable (V). It was confirmed that there were transitions in 56 nucleotide pairs, tranversion in 54 nucleotide pairs of compared samples. CONCLUSION: In this study, the results of phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lecidea and other similar groups were firstly evaluated and the results will not be only a guide but also will provide a resource for next researchers.

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