Favour OSAZUWA, Onah Victor OBİNNA, Anikwe FAVOUR CHİKA

Nijerya abaji bölgesi kırsal toplumunda, gebe kadınlar arasında, insan immün yetmezlik virüsü, hepatit b ve c sero-epidemiyolojisi

AMAÇ: HIV enfeksiyonu dünya çapında ve özellikle de Sahraaltı Afrika’da önemli halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. En yüksek HIV yükünün bu bölgeye loklaize olduğu rapor edilmektedir. HIV özellikle anneden yenidoğana geçme yeteneğine sahiptir. Hepatit B (HBV) and hepatit C (HCV) son zamanlarda dünya geneleinde doğum merkezlerinde gebe annelerde mortalite nedeni olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu enfeksiyonların tehlikeli doğası ve Nijerya’nın kırsal bölgelerindeki antenatal kliniklere devam eden gebe kadınlar arasındaki prevalansı ile ilgili raporlardaki eksiklik nedeni ile; bu çalışma, serolojik teknikler kullanılarak, HIV, HBV ve HCV antikorlarının Abaji Genel Hastanesine Abaji’nin kırsal bölgelerinden gelen gebe kadınlar arasındaki prevalansını saptamaya odaklanmıştır. YÖNTEM: Bu çalışma 1 Nisan 2010-30 Mart 2011 tarihleri arasında Abaji Genel Hastanesinin antenatal kliniğine devam eden 395 gebe kadını kapsayan kesitsel bir çalımadır. Bakım personeli tarafından uygulanan soru formu biyolojik veriler ile sosyoekonomik ve demografik durum hakkında bilgi toplamak için kullanıldı. HIV, HBV ve HCV antikorlarını taramak için hızlı tanı kitleri kullanıldı. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS version 16 kullanılarak yapıldı. BULGULAR: 395 gebe kadının 23 (%5,8), 45 (%11,4) and 12 (%3,0)’sinde sırasıyla HIV, HBV ve HCV’ye karşı serum antikorları pozitif bulundu. 22-26 yaş grubu tüm serolojik markırlara göre en fazla enfekte olan ve seropozitiflik gösteren gruptu. Cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalık öyküsü (p

Sero-epidemiology of human ımmunodeficency virus, hepatitis b and c among pregnant women in rural communities of abaji area council, Nigeria

AIM: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a major public health problem worldwide and most especially in sub Saharan Africa .It has been reported that the highest burden of HIV is located in this region. HIV is particularly significant in their ability of transferred from mother to their newborn. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) is recently been recognized also as a cause of mortality and morbidity in pregnant women in many obstetric centers worldwide. In view of the deleterious nature of these infections and paucity of reports on their prevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural settings in Nigeria, This study thus aimed to evaluate using serological techniques, the prevalence of HIV, HBV and anti-HCV antibodies among pregnant women attending the General Hospital, Abaji from various rural communities of Abaji local Area Council, of the federal capital city, Nigeria. METHOD: The study was a hospital based cross-sectional survey including 395 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the General Hospital, Abaji, from 1st April 2010- 30th March 2011. Questionnaires administered by a nursing staff were used to gather information on bio-data, socio-economic and demographic status. Rapid diagnostic test kits were used to screen for HIV, HBV and anti-HCV antibodies. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: 23(5.8%), 45 (11.4%) and 12 (3.0%) out of 395 pregnant women included in the study were found to be positive for Serum antibodies to HIV, HBV and HCV respectively. The age group 22-26 was the most infected and showed highest seropositivity to all serological markers. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STI) (p<0.001) and multiple sexual partners (p=0.01) were significant factor in the acquisition of HIV. While Tattooing and multiple sexual partners proved statistically to play a role in seropositivity to HBV (p=0.01, p<0.001). None of the studied risk factors (Tattooing, History off blood transfusion, v ‘multiple sexual partners, educational status, history of STI, dental maneuvers and traditional scares) had a significant association on HCV seropositivity. CONCLUSION: The study presents the situation of HIV, HBV and HCV in the rural communities studied. It was observed that there exists a high prevalence of these viral infections amongst pregnant women in the communities studied. There is an urgent need to stem the growing prevalence of these infections in these rural communities, which is presently in a manageable state by proper and mandatory screening for these infections.

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