Clinical and therapeutic trials of Nigella sativa

Nigella sativa (N. Sativa) tohumları binlerce yıldır baharat ve gıda koruma maddesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bitkinin tohumları ve yağı geleneksel tıp alanında kullanılabilecek potansiyel ilaç özellikleri göstermektedir. Bu derlemede N. Sativa’nın terapötik kullanım alanları ve bu konudaki tartışmalar ile vücut sistemlerini etkileyen hastalıkların tedavisindeki rolü incelenmiştir. N. Sativa, oksidan ajanları temizleyen ati–oksidan sistemi harekete geçirme özelliğine de sahiptir. İnflamatıar süreçlerin mediatörü olan prostaglandinleri ve lökotrienleri baskılayarak anti–enflamatuar özellik göstermektedir. Bitkinin immunomodülatör özellikleri, T hücrelerini ve natural killer hücrelerini artırarak immun cevaba katkıda bulunma şeklindedir. Çeşitli kanser ve mikroorganizmalara karşı anti–kanser ve anti–mikrobiyal özellikler göstermektedir. Toksik ajanlara maruz kalmış kolon dokusunda DNA hasarını azaltmakta, karsinogfenezin başlmasını önlemektedir. N. Sativa DM’da da önemli tedavi edici etkilere sahiptir. Glukoz tarafından indüklenen insülin salgısını artırmanın yanında, intestinal mukozadan glukoz emilimini azaltma yönünde etkisi de bulunmaktadır. N. Sativa, hepatik dokunun zararlı etkilere karşı korunmasında etkili olmanın yanında hepatik lipit peroksidasyonunu da düzenlemektedir. N. Sativa’nın etkileri anti–inflammatuar, antioksidan ve antineoplastik etkilerin kombinasyonu şeklindedir.

Nigella sativa’nın klinik ve terapötik özellikleri

Seeds of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) have been used for thousands of years as a spice and food preservative. The oil and seed constituents have shown potential medicinal properties in traditional medicine. This review lists and discusses different therapeutic trials of N. sativa seeds and its active ingredients in many diseases affecting body systems. It has anti–oxidant effects through enhancing the oxidant scavenger system that leads to antitoxic effects induced by several insults. Its anti–inflammatory effects conduct through suppression of the inflammatory mediators’ prostaglandins and leukotriens. Its immunomodulatory properties were proved by augmenting the T cell and natural killer cell–mediated immune responses. It expresses antimicrobial and anti–tumor properties toward different microbes and cancers. It decreases DNA damage and thereby prevents initiation of carcinogenesis in colonic tissue secondary to exposure to toxic agents. N. sativa is of immense therapeutic benefit in DM. It stimulates glucose–induced secretion of insulin besides having a negative impact on glucose absorption from the intestinal mucosa. N. sativa administration protects hepatic tissue from deleterious effects of toxic substances and attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation. N. sativa provides a promising strategy that combines anti–inflammatory, antioxidants, and antineoplastics modes of action.

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