Makine Merkezli Kamu Diplomasisinde Etik ve Etki Sorunsalı

Uygulayıcısı ve hedef kitlesi insan olan kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri makine merkezli bir sisteme dönüşmüştür. Makine merkezli kamu diplomasisinin temel odak noktası yapay zekâ teknolojisine dayanmaktadır. Diğer bütün alanlardaki uygulamalarında olduğu gibi kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinde de yapay zekânın kullanımı, etki ve etik tartışmasını içermektedir. Literatür analizine yönelik akademik çalışmalar; kamu diplomasisi alanıyla ilgili çalışmaların kavram, kurum, aktör ve eylem temelli analizlere odaklandığını göstermektedir. Bu makalede kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinde yapay zekâ kullanımı, etik ve etki sorunsalı çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Kamu diplomasisi literatürü insani etki ve iletişim çerçevesinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırma sonucunda insan faktörünün ve etkisinin azaldığı makine merkezli kamu diplomasisi etki ve etik bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Analiz yapay zekâ tartışmalarının merkezinde yer alan “kontrol”, “denetim”, “güvenlik” ve “etik çerçeve” ile kamu diplomasisi eylemlerinin tartışma konusu olan “eylemin etkisi” bağlamı çerçevesinde oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda makine merkezli kamu diplomasisinde yapay zekâ kullanımının hukuki ve fikri alt yapı eksikliği, denetim ve kontrol ikilemi, internet ve bilgiye erişimde bilgi açığı oluşturma, kaynak ve hedef kitlenin belirsizleşmesi, teknolojik belirlenimcilik gibi konularda çeşitli eksiklikler ve sorunlar içerdiği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kamu Diplomasisi, İnsan Makine Etkileşimi, Yapay Zekâ, Yeni Kamu Diplomasisi, Makine Merkezli Kamu Diplomasisi

Ethical and Impact Issues in Machine-Centered Public Diplomacy

Public diplomacy activities, whose practitioner and target audience are human, have turned into a machine-centered system. The main focus of machine-centered public diplomacy is based on artificial intelligence technology. The use of artificial intelligence in public diplomacy activities, as in other fields, includes the discussion of impact and ethics. Literature reviews show that studies in the field of public diplomacy mostly analyze concepts, institutions, actors and actions. In this article, the use of artificial intelligence in public diplomacy activities are analyzed within the framework of ethical and impact problematic. Public diplomacy literature has been classified in the context of human communication. The analysis is shaped on two pillars. first, the "control", "audit", "security", and "ethical context" that is at the center of the AI discussions. second, in the context of the "effect of action", which is the subject of debate in public diplomacy studies. As a result of the research, it is seen that the use of artificial intelligence in public diplomacy actions includes problems such as lack of legal and intellectual infrastructure, audit and control dilemma. Another result is the uncertainty of the source and target audience, and the emergence of the problem of technological determinism.

Keywords:

Public Diplomacy, Human Machine Interaction, Artificial Intelligence, New Public Diplomacy, Machine-Centered Public Diplomacy,

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