The welfare of women and children during the global economic crisis

Bu çalışma, istihdamda toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğini, meslek, kazanç ve kűresel ekonomik krizin yarattiği yoksulluğu çok boyutlu olarak incelemektedir. İstihdamda gőzlenen cinseyete bağlı ayrımcılık, mesleki ayrımcılık ve de cinsiyete bağlı űcret farklılığnın kadın ve çocukların yasamlarına olan etkilerini gőzden geçirecektir. Aynı zamanda, içinde bulunduğumuz ekonomik krizin kadın ve çocukların refahı uzerine olan belirgin etkilerini ve gűnűműz devletlerinin sosyal sorumluluklarını da tartışmaktadır. Kűresel istihdam eğilimleri raporu, dűnyanın bir çok bőlgesinde ekonomik krizin işsizlik oranı açısından kadınları erkeklerden daha olumsuz etkiliyeceği yőnűndedir. International Labour Organization (ILO) raporu, ekonomik kriz sonucu, 2009 yılında işsiz kadin sayısının 22 milyon artacağını gőstermektedir. Artmakta olan borç yűkűnden dolayı, hűkűmetler ilk bűtçe kesintilerini sosyal yardıma ayrılan kaynaklardan yapmaktadırlar, dolayısı ile kadın ve çocuklar sosyal destek/yardıma bağlı ekonomilerde daha çok tehdit altındadırlar. Overseas Development Institute’űn (ODI) 2009 daki notunda, Dűnya Bankasinin (Dűnya Bankasi, 2009) tahminlerine gore, şu andaki krizden dolayı, yavaşlayan ekonomik bűyűme hızı, beklenilenden 46 milyon daha fazla insani gűnlűk USD1.25 kazanç sınırının altina dűşűrecek; ayrıca 53 milyon kişide gűnlűk USD 2 ile yaşamlarını sűrdűrmek zorunda kalacaklardır. Milyonlarca insan aşırı yoksulluğa sűrűklenecektir. En fazla savunmasız olanlar, yani kadınlar ve çocuklar, olumsuz sonuçları çok daha hızlı ve zorlu olarak yaşayacaklardır. Bu savunmasızlık yaşa ve toplumsal cinsiyete bağımlı ve çok boyutlu bir olgudur. Işlerini ilk kaybendenler kadınlardır, dolayisi ile kaybolan ek geliri yerine koyabilmek icin daha fazla çalışmak, ailelerine ve çocuklarına ayırdıkları zamani azaltmak zorundadırlar. Bunun olumsuz sonuçları uzun vadede tomplumsal alanda kendini gősterecektir.

Küresel ekonomik krizler döneminde kadın ve çocukların esenliği

This paper explores the multiple dimensions of labour and gender inequalities in employment, occupation, earnings, and poverty in the global economic crisis. The gendered patterns of labour recruitment, occupational segregation, and the gender gap in pay affecting the life of women and children will be overviewed. It will also try to discuss and expand the dominant effects of the current economic crisis on the wellbeing of women and children, and today’s state responsibilities. The Global Employment Trends report states that the gender impact of the economic crisis in terms of unemployment rates is expected to be more detrimental for females than for males in most regions of the world. The economic crisis is expected to increase the number of unemployed women by up to 22 million in 2009 (ILO Report, 2009). Since welfare provisions are the first budgetary cuts made by governments forced with increasing debt burdens, women and their children are the most threatened by the inroads on the subsistence economy. According to Overseas Development Institute’s (ODI, March 2009) Background Note new estimates from the World Bank (World Bank, 2009) suggest that slower economic growth owing to the current economic crisis will trap 46 million more people than expected on less than US$1.25 a day; an extra 53 million will be pushed into $2 day poverty. Millions will plunge into poverty. The Most vulnerable ones, women and children will experience the negative consequences more rapidly and with more severity. Vulnerabilities depend on both gender and age, and are multidimensional. Women are the first to lose jobs, having to work harder to seek additional income, spending less time on nurture and care.

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