Yunanistan’ın I. Dünya Savaşı Deneyimine Postyapısalcı Bir Bakış: Söylem-Tarihsel Yaklaşım

Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi (ESÇ), çeşitli türde sözlü, yazılı ve görsel metinlerdeki anlamın açığa çıkarılması için metinsel ve bağlamsal düzeylerde bir çözümleme yapmanın yanı sıra, her düzeyde otorite, güç, ideoloji ve kimlik kavramları ekseninde eleştirel bir duruş sergileyerek söylemdeki sosyal pratiği ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte Eleştirel Söylem Çalışmalarında öne çıkan yaklaşımlardan Söylem-Tarihsel Yaklaşım (STY), güçlü bir tarihsel araştırma eğilimi taşımakta ve söylemin üretildiği tarihsel ve sosyopolitik artalanı da kapsayan bir alt yapı sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, STY ile araştırma yöntemi geliştirmeyi ve Yunanistan hakkında yapılan çalışmalara nasıl uygulanabileceğini göstermeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, söz konusu amacını yerine getirirken Yunanistan’ın I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında deneyimlediği ve “Ulusal Ayrışma” adı verilen dönemi irdelemektedir. Bu adlandırma, dönemdeki başbakanlardan Eleftherios Venizelos ve Yunanistan Kralı Konstantinos’un savaş esnasında izlemek istedikleri politikanın çatışmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Nitekim İtilaf ve İttifak Devletleri’nin de müdahaleleriyle keskinleşen süreçte (1915-1917), iki hükümetli bir Yunanistan ortaya çıkmış ve Kral Konstantinos tahttan dahi uzaklaştırılmıştır. Venizelos ve karşıtı olan politikacılardan Metaksas’ın döneme ilişkin 1934 yılında kaleme aldıkları makaleler, çalışmanın veri örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Barındırdıkları söylemler ise hem STY’nin araştırma basamaklarının örneklendirilmesi hem de 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Yunanistan’daki siyasi dinamiklere ve dile yönelik farklı bir bakış açısı sunulması maksadıyla ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yunanistan, I. Dünya Savaşı, Venizelos, Metaksas, Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi, Söylem-Tarihsel Yaklaşım

A Post-Structural Perspective to the Greece’s “Great War” Experience: The Discourse-Historical Approach

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) aims at analyzing textual and contextual levels to reveal the meaning in various kinds of oral, written and visual texts. Correspondingly, it intends to unbare the social practice in discourse with a critical approach on the axis of the concepts of authority, power, ideology and identity at all levels. All the same, the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA), one of the salient approaches in Critical Discourse Studies, has an intense historical research tendency and offers an infrastructure that includes the historical and sociopolitical background in which the discourse is developed. This study aims to promote a research method with DHA and indicate how it can be applied to studies about Greece. The study focuses on the period “National Schism”, which Greece encountered during World War I. This naming originated from the conflicted policies of Eleftherios Venizelos, one of the prime ministers at the time, and of Constantine, the King of Greece, about how Greece must act during the war. Such that through the process (1915-1917) which became harder with the interventions of the Entente and Central Powers, a parallel administration was emerged and King Constantine was even dethroned. The articles written by Venizelos and one of his political opponents, Metaxas, in 1934 on the very period, are the research sample. The discourses they comprise are probed into to exemplify the research steps of DHA and to present a distinct perspective on the political dynamics and language in Greece in the first half of the 20th century.

Keywords:

Greece, World War I, Venizelos, Metaxas, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discourse-Historical Approach,

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