YALÇIN KAYA

4614

Ayçiçeği Biyoteknolojisinde son gelişmeler ve ıslahında kullanım olanakları

Ayçiçeği ülkemizde ve dünyada en önemli bitkisel yağ bitkilerinden olup, aynı kaynaktan gelen CMS (Sitoplazmik Erkek Kısırılık) kullanımı nedeniyle, son yıllarda klasik ıslah metotlarıyla geliştirilen ayçiçeği hibritlerde beklenen verim artmamaktadır. Yüksek verim için mutlaka moleküler ıslah metotlarını kullanarak yapılacak türler arası melezlemeler ile, yabani türlerden yeni genotip kaynaklara ihtiyaç vardır. Yeni geliştirilen moleküler ıslah metotlarından in vitro kültürü, genetik transformasyon ve PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyon), RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) vb. moleküler markır teknikleri, ayçiçeğinde başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan moleküler ve biyoteknolojik çalışmalar ile, ayçiçeğinin genetik soy ağacı ve haritası çıkarılmış, kültürü yapılan ayçiçeğinin orijini belirlenmiş, diğer türlerden ayçiçeğine yabancı genlerin aktarılması ve anter veya mikrospor kültürüyle double haploidlerin elde edilmesi son yıllardaki ayçiçeği moleküler ıslahındaki önemli başarılardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

ayçiçeği, Helianthus annuus, moleküler biyoloji, yağlı tohumlu bitkiler, biyoteknoloji, bitki ıslahı

The last progresses in Sunflower biotechnology and the possible usages in Sunflower breeding

Sunflower is one of the important oil crops in Turkey and the world. Sunflower seed yield does not increase in the hybrids obtained using classical breeding methods due to the same CMS sources in last years. To get high yield in sunflower, new gene sources should be obtained from wild types via interspecific hybridization using molecular breeding methods. In vitro culture, genetic transformation and molecular marker techniques such as PCR, RFLP etc. have been used successfully until today in sunflower. Developing genetic maps and family trees, determining the origin of cultivated sunflower, new genes obtained from other species, double haploids using anther or microspore cultures are succeeded important developments in sunflower molecular breeding and biotechnology in the last years.
Keywords:

sunflowers, Helianthus annuus, molecular biology, oilseed plants, biotechnology, plant breeding,

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Trakya Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi B Serisi Fen Bilimleri-Cover
  • ISSN: 1302-647X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yıllık
  • Başlangıç: 2018
  • Yayıncı: -
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