Turgay DİNDAROĞLU, Emre BABUR, Bülent LAZ

Ultramafik topraklardaki Alyssum Pateri subsp. Pateri bitkisinin ekolojisi ve ağır metal tolerans sınırının belirlenmesi

Günümüzde sağlıklı gıda temininin önündeki en büyük engellerden birisi küresel bir sorun haline gelen toprak kirliliğidir. İnsan etkisi ya da anakayanın ayrışması sonucu topraklardaki ağır metal konsantrasyonun artması toprak kirliliğinin başlıca kaynaklarını oluşturmaktadır. Genel olarak Ultramafik regolitlerden oluşan topraklar, nikel veya mangan gibi ağır metallerin hiperakümülasyonu gibi özel adaptasyonlara sahip bitkilere ve yüksek endemizm floralarasına sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Genellikle bu bitkiler besin elementi eksikliği veya fitotoksik iz elementlerine özellikle yüksek nikel (Ni) konsantrasyonlarına sahiptir. Bu araştırma hiperakümülatör olarak bilinen Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri bitkisinin farklı bir yetişme ortamındaki ekolojisi ve ağır metal tolerans sınırının belirlenmesi amacıyla Kahramanmaraş İlinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre ultramafik jeoekolojisinin aynı makro iklimde ve fakat değişik coğrafyalarda faklı özelliklere sahip olabildikleri anlaşılmıştır. Topraktaki toplam nikel (Ni) miktarı ortalama 7.08 ppm iken Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri bitkisinde en yüksek Ni miktarı 4061.27 ppm, bitkinin üzerindeki gal oluşumunda ise 3653.62 ppm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toplam Ca konsantrasyonu toprakta 1735.70 ppm iken, bitkide ortalama 21268.88 ppm, gal oluşumunda ise 21013.98 ppm olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma alanında Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri bitkisinin genel hiperakümülatör özelliğine ek olarak bitkide meydana gelen gal oluşumlarının da bitki kadar hiperakümülatör özellik taşıdığı ortaya konulmuştur. Endemik bitki türlerini bolca bulunduran bu alanlar koruma altına alınmalıdır. Başta madencilik, tarım ve tıraşlama kesimleri vb. ekosistemi strese sokacak faaliyetlerden kaçınılmalıdır. Ağır metal toplayıcı bitki türlerinin ise jeoekolojisi araştırılmalı ve fitoremediasyon bitkileri olarak ağır metalce yoğun alan toprakların ıslahında kullanımına önem verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Edafik endemizm, Adaptasyon, Edafik flora, Hiperakümülatör, Ekstrem ekosistemler, Alyssum

Determination of the ecology and heavy metal tolerance limits of Alyssum Pateri subsp. Pateri growing on ultramafic soils

Today, one of the major global problems facing healthy food supply is soil pollution. Soil pollution caused by human is an important source of this problem, while soil pollution caused by heavy metals caused by decomposition of the bedrock is another part of the basic problem. In general, soils composed of ultramafic regolites are famous for hosting plants with special adaptations such as nickel or manganese hyperaccumulation and flora with a high level of endemism. It usually has nutrient deficiency or phytotoxic trace elements, especially high nickel concentrations. This research was carried out in Kahramanmaraş Province to determine the ecology and heavy metal tolerance limit of Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri plant known as nickel (Ni) accumulator. According to the research findings, it is understood that ultramafic geoecology can have different characteristics in the same macro climate but in different geographies. While total Ni content in soil was 7.08ppm, Ni content of Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri plant was 4061.27 ppm and 3653.62ppm in gal formation. While the total calcium (Ca) concentration was 1735.70 ppm in soil, it was determined as 21268.88 ppm in plant and 21013.98 ppm in gal formation. In addition to the general hypercumulatory properties of Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri plant, gal formation occurring in the plant has hyperacumulatory properties as much as the plant. These areas with high endemism should be protected and some activities such as mining, agriculture and clear cutting that put stress on the ecosystem should be avoided. Geoecology of heavy metal accumulator plant species should be investigated and phytoremediation processes should be analyzed and recycled.

Keywords:

Edaphic endemism, Adaptations, Edaphic flora, Hyperaccumulators, Extreme environments, Alyssum,

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