Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi

Bu çalışmada sera koşullarında kumlu tın ve kil bünyeye sahip iki farklı toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinin verim ve verim parametrelerindeki değişim araştırılmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre düzenlenmiş ve 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonunda hasat edilen bitki örneklerinde biyolojik verim, tane verimi, bitki boyu, ana sap kalınlığı, başak uzunluğu, başaktaki ortalama tane sayısı, ortalama tane ağırlığı, ortalama tane eni ve ortalama tane boyu gibi verim parametreleri incelenmiştir. Kil ve kumlu tın bünyeli topraklarda yetiştirilen buğday bitkilerinin verim parametreleri incelendiğinde bin tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi ve tane boyu hariç, diğer parametrelerin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Tüm parametrelerde en yüksek değerler kil bünyeli toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinden elde edilmiştir. Kil bünyeli toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinin biyolojik ve tane verimleri kumlu tın bünyeli toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisine göre sırasıyla %175 ve %192 oranlarında daha fazla olmuştur. Bunun nedeni kil bünyeli toprakta kireç içeriğinin daha düşük, organik madde, yarayışlı P, toplam N ve değişebilir katyon değerlerinin yani bitki besin elementlerinin kumlu tın bünyeli toprağa göre daha yüksek olmasına bağlanabilir. Buğday yetiştiriciliğinde sıcaklık, güneşlenme, toprak nemi gibi abiotik çevre faktörlerinin aynı olması durumunda dahi buğdayda verim artışının edafik yani toprak faktörlerinin etkisi altında olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak sürdürülebilir buğday yetiştiriciliğinde toprak analiz sonuçlarının gübreleme programı ve diğer kültürel tedbirlerin uygulanmasında önemli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Buğday, Verim, toprak özellikleri, sera

The effect of soil properties on yield and yield parameters in wheat

In this study, the change in yield and yield parameters of wheat plants grown in two different soils with sandy loam and clay texture under greenhouse conditions were investigated. The study was arranged in a randomized plot design and was carried out with 3 replications. Biological yield, grain yield, plant height, main stem thickness, spike length, average grain number per spike, average grain weight, average grain width and average grain length yield parameters were determined in harvested plant samples. A statistically significant differences was determined between the yield parameters of wheat plants grown on clay and sandy loam soils, excluding thousand-grain weight, harvest index and grain lenght. The highest values in all parameters were obtained from wheat plant grown in clay textured soil. The biological and grain yields of wheat plant grown in clay textured soil were 175% and 192% higher than wheat plant grown in sandy loam textured soil, respectively. The reason for this can be attributed to the lower lime content, higher organic matter, available P, total N and exchangeable cation values in clay textured soil compared to sandy loamy soil. It is understood that even when abiotic environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight and soil moisture are the same in wheat cultivation, the yield increase in wheat is under the influence of edaphic, that is, soil factors. As a result, it is understood that the results of soil analysis are important in the implementation of the fertilization program and other cultural measures in sustainable wheat cultivation.

Keywords:

Wheat, yield, soil properties, greenhouse,

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