Ibrahım Ismaıl ABDI, Çiğdem NAS, Faruk TAŞCI

Somali Örneğinde Türkiye Kalkınma Yardımı Modeli

2000'li yıllardan bu yana Türk dış politikasında paradigma değişikliği yaşanmaktadır. 2002 yılında AK Parti iktidarından bu yana Türk dış politikası, gerek ortak kültür coğrafyası olarak kabul ettiği bölgelerde gerekse de Afrika gibi daha çok iç karışıklıklar ve açlık gibi sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalan bölgelerde aktif bir görünüm sergilemektedir. Türkiye, gelişen ekonomisine paralel bir şekilde dış politikada yumuşak güç unsuru olarak insani yardım yanında kalkınma yardımlarını da etkili bir biçimde uygulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel problemi de Türkiye’nin Somali’ye yönelik kalkınma yardımlarının devlet inşasına sunmuş olduğu katkının düzeyinin belirlenmesidir. Türkiye’nin Somali’ye sağladığı insanı, kalkınma ve devlete verilen desteklerin etkinliği hususu tartışılacaktır. Bu noktada, Türkiye tarafından gerçekleştirilen, kalkınma yardımlarının etkinliğinin ve sürdürülebilirliğinin hangi düzeyde olduğunun tespit edilmesi, bu yardımların ileriye dönük planlaması aşamasında faydalı olacaktır. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye'nin Somali örneğinde yapmış olduğu kalkınma yardımlarının sömürge geçmişi olan devletlerin yardımları ile arasındaki farkların tespiti önem taşımaktadır. Bu çerçevede makale, Türkiye’nin yumuşak güç uygulamaları bağlamında Somali’ye yönelik kalkınma yardımlarını bir vaka araştırması kullanarak analiz etmektedir. Vaka araştırması yönteminin avantajı, önceden tahmin edilemese de konuyla ilgili güvenilir sonuçlar üretebilmesidir. Aynı zamanda farklı değişkenler arasındaki ampirik ilişkileri bulmanın önemli bir yoludur. Çalışmadan ortaya çıkan temel sonuç ise, Somali’de Türkiye’nin kalkınma yardımlarının her şeyden önce, insani yardımın niteliği ve uygulamasının oldukça farklı olmasıdır. Türkiye’nin hedefi, bölgedeki insanların hayatlarını doğrudan etkileyecek uzun vadeli kalkınma projeleri ile çoğunlukla mikro düzeyde başarılı olmaktır. İkinci olarak, ortak İslam dini, Batılı aktörlerin aksine, Türkiye’nin Somali’deki varlığını meşrulaştırmada ve aktörler arasında güven yaratmada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye, Somali, Kalkınma Yardımı, Yumuşak Güç

Turkey’s Development Aid Model: The Case of Somali

There has been a paradigm shift in Turkish foreign policy since the 2000s. Since the AK Party rule in 2002, Turkish foreign policy has displayed an active outlook both in regions that it accepts as a common cultural geography, and in regions such as Africa, which are faced with problems such as internal disturbances and hunger. In parallel with its developing economy, Turkey effectively implements development aid as well as humanitarian aid as an element of soft power in foreign policy. Due to the political instability it experienced after the civil war in 1991, many state institutions in Somalia collapsed or their capacity to serve was weakened. The main problem of this study we have done is to determine the level of contribution of Turkey's development aid to Somalia to state building. The human resources provided by Turkey to Somalia, development and the effectiveness of the support given to the state will be discussed. At this point, determining the level of effectiveness and sustainability of development assistance provided by Turkey will be useful in the forward planning phase of these aids. However, it is important to identify the differences between Turkey's development assistance in Somalia, for example, with the aid of states with a colonial past. This research thesis analyzes development aid for Somalia within the framework of Turkey's soft power practices using a case study. The advantage of the case study method is that it can produce reliable results on the subject, although it cannot be predicted in advance. It is also an important way of finding empirical relationships between different variables.

Keywords:

Turkey, Somalia, Development Aid, Soft Power,

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