Devlet Koruması Altında Büyüyen Bireylerin Kurum Yaşantılarından Önceki Olumsuz Çocukluk Çağı Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi

Olumsuz çocukluk çağı deneyimleri; fizyolojik, sosyolojik ve psikolojik sağlığın temel sosyal belirleyicilerinden biri olmakla birlikte, yaşamın ilerleyen yıllarında sağlık açısından tehlikeli davranışlarda bulunma risklerine temel oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada çocukluğunun bir dönemini devlet koruması altındaki kurumda deneyimlemiş bireylerin kurum bakımından önceki yaşantılarının, olumsuz çocukluk çağı deneyimleri boyutunda incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında gerçekleştirilen çalışmada fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Kartopu örnekleme ile oluşturulan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, çocukluğunun bir dönemini devlet koruması altındaki kurumda geçiren 10 yetişkin oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yapılandırılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Bireylerin kurum bakımı öncesi yaşantılarına ilişkin görüşleri ve hikâyeleri kendi deneyimleri üzerinden derinlemesine görüşmelerde ifade edilmiştir. Veriler, Maxqda Analytics Pro 2020 programı kullanılarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve “hane içi işlev bozukluğu, ihmal ve istismar” temaları altında gruplandırılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin kurum bakımında ve kurum bakımından sonraki yaşantılarından bağımsız olarak, kendisine bakım verenlerle birlikte geçirdiği zamanlarda en az bir olumsuz çocukluk çağı deneyimine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. En az bir olumsuz çocukluk çağı deneyimi bulunan bireylerin daha farklı temalarda da olumsuz çocukluk çağı deneyimlerinin bulunması çalışmanın diğer önemli bir sonucudur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Olumsuz çocukluk çağı deneyimleri, korunma ihtiyacı olan çocuk, kurum bakımı öncesi yaşantılar

Examining the Adverse Childhood Experiences of Individuals Who Grew up Under the Protection of the State Before Their Institutional Life

Adverse childhood experiences; although it is one of the main social determinants of physiological, sociological and psychological health, it forms the basis for the risks of engaging in health-hazardous behaviors in the later years of life. In this study, it is aimed to examine the previous experiences of individuals who have experienced a period of their childhood in an institution under the protection of the state, in the dimension of adverse childhood experiences. The phenomenology design was used in the study carried out within the scope of the qualitative research method. The study group of the research, which was formed by snowball sampling, consists of 10 adults who spent a period of their childhood in an institution under state protection. Structured and semi-structured interview forms developed by the researchers were used as data collection tools. The opinions and stories of the individuals regarding their pre-institutional care experiences were expressed in in-depth interviews based on their own experiences. The data were subjected to content analysis using the Maxqda Analytics Pro 2020 program and grouped under the themes of "domestic dysfunction, neglect and abuse". It was found that the individuals participating in the research had at least one adverse childhood experience during the time they spent with their caregivers, regardless of their experiences in institutional care and later in institutional care. Another important result of the study is that individuals with at least one adverse childhood experience also have adverse childhood experiences in different themes.

Keywords:

Adverse childhood experiences, child in need of protection, experiences before institutional care,

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